Showing 7 results for Kamrava
Mohammad Farhadi, Hadi Ghanbari, Farzad Izadi, Maxine S. Eikani, Seyed Kamaran Kamrava,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The children with middle ear effusion need repeated re-tympanostomies. Adenoidectomy is an effective surgical intervention in the management of chronic otitis media with effusion in conjunction with in-sertion of tympanostomy tubes (TTs). To find out whether TTs in different positions decrease the rate of re-tympanostomies study was done.
Methods: The present study retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of adenoidectomy on retention of Shepard TTs in antero-inferior quadrant (AIQ) and postero-inferior quadrant (PIQ) with chronic, persistent or recurrent otitis media. Eighty-five children (one-hundred and seventy ears) underwent bilateral myringotomy and TTs placement with and without adenoidectomy with informed consent.
Results: According to the TTs retention duration rate, there was a significant difference between adenoidec-tomy and non-adenoidectomy groups in AIQ.
Conclusion: It was concluded that TTs placement in the AIQ in conjunction with adenoidectomy showed better improvement and prolonged ventilation. This study suggests that adenoidectomy is an effective surgical intervention in the management of otitis media especially when it is performed in conjunction with insertion of TTs. This significantly decreases tube extrusion rate especially in an AIQ, which might be due to improving eustachian tube function that consequently reduces repeated otitis media.
Babak Ghalehbaghi, Navid Mohammadi, Alimohamad Asghari, Alireza Ahmadvand, Yasaman Moradi, Kamran Kamrava, Mir Abolfazl Motiei,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: The ministry of health and medical education of Iran and many other countries advice physicians to use this guideline for diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media (AOM), but there is not any evaluation of effectiveness and obedience of this guideline, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude of pediatricians, the most important group that interfere with these patients in treatment of acute otitis media.
Methods: A total of 120 anonymous surveys were mailed to 120 pediatrician in Tehran (Iran) to evaluate pattern of diagnosis and treatment of AOM in these physicians. Age, gender, place of work, attitude of diagnosis and treatment were asked by anonymous survey.
Results: Sixty-two completed surveys were received, for a response rate of 51%. There was no significant difference between responders in these survey and scenarios, according to sex, age, practice setting, graduation year or the number of AOM patients visiting each month.
Conclusion: Our study seems to add new insights to the previous literature on management of AOM according to guideline. We can assess the impact of guidelines on the usual practice of practitioners in evidencedbased management of AOM.
Alimohamad Asghari, Shahin Rajaeih, Fatemeh Hassannia, Negah Tavakolifard, Hamed Fattahi Neisyani, Seyed Kamran Kamrava, Maryam Jalessi, Parisa Omidian,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background :Soft tissue profile can be widely different in various populations. Furthermore, this profile can be also continues to change throughout life. However, there are few studies that quantitatively evaluate the soft tissue profile in Iranian population. In order to determine normal reference values of facial parts in our populations, we aimed to measure standards for facial soft tissue parameters in Iranian young population.
Methods : The study samples included 155 medical students at the Firouzgar hospital in winter 2011. The soft tissue facial profiles were digitally analyzed using linear measurements and angles made with standardized photographic records, taken in a natural head position, to determine the average soft tissue facial profile for males and females.
Results : There was a statistically significant difference between males and females in 21 of our 26 measurements. The most prominent differences between the genders were observed in the measurements taken from the face region. Minimum frontal breadth and supraorbital breadth were larger in males than in females. Except for middle face height measurement, other horizontal and vertical measurements for the face were larger in males than in females, indicating wider and higher faces in men than in women. Some measurements of facial angles are discrepant between the two genders.
Conclusion : Due to the specific features of Iranian facial soft tissue values and also observable differences in facial measurements and angles between men and women, the Iranian standard values on facial measurements and angles should be given more attention, especially by plastic and cosmetic surgeons.
Behzad Damari, Seyyed-Kamran Kamrava, Siamak Kazemi Asl, Narges Rostamigooran,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Due to the law for the fifth development plan and Iran’s 20- year economic perspective, Centers of Excellence (COEs) were expected to upgrade the level of research and education besides improving infrastructures in Iran. This study is aimed to analyze the current state of national centers of excellence and designing a future roadmap.
Methods: In this qualitative study, data was gathered by reviewing relevant national & international literature and upstream documents, interview with experts, and focused group discussions with stakeholders. Finally, a roadmap was prepared for approval.
Results: Lack of common understanding of the COEs definition, lack of clear professional orientation for each center, lack of mandate and commitment in using COEs in the health system and community health promotion, weakness in enticing elites, and unresponsive to basic needs of the country were five major challenges COEs encountered.
The consensus prospective vision for centers of excellence was developed based on the establishment and management of special institutions of thought and technology in centers of excellence to advise health policymakers and provide the highest level of the regional and global position.
Conclusion: Despite over a decade of development of medical COEs, their goals have not been reached yet. Enactment of designed roadmap and its subprojects in the Supreme Council of Centers is the primary steps for functional improvement of COEs.
Seyed Hamidreza Bagheri, Alimohamad Asghari, Mohammad Farhadi, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, Ali Kabir, Seyed Kamran Kamrava, Maryam Jalessi, Alireza Mohebbi, Rafieh Alizadeh, Ali Asghar Honarmand, Babak Ghalehbaghi, Alireza Salimi, Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: The occurrence of anosmia/hyposmia during novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may indicate a relationship between coincidence of olfactory dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the frequency of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.
Methods: This population-based cross sectional study was performed through an online questionnaire from March 12 to 17, 2020. Cases from all provinces of Iran voluntarily participated in this study. Patients completed a 33-item patient-reported online questionnaire, including smell and taste dysfunction and their comorbidities, along with their basic characteristics and past medical histories. The inclusion criteria were self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during the past 4 weeks, from the start of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.
Results: A total of 10 069 participants aged 32.5±8.6 (7-78) years took part in this study, of them 71.13% women and 81.68% nonsmokers completed the online questionnaire. The correlation between the number of olfactory disorders and reported COVID-19 patients in all provinces up to March 17, 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.87, P< 0.001). A sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 76.24% of the participations and persistent anosmia in 60.90% from the start of COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, 80.38% of participants reported concomitant olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions.
Conclusion: An outbreak of olfactory dysfunction occurred in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanisms by which anosmia/hyposmia occurred in patients with COVID-19 call for further investigations.
Seyed Kamran Kamrava, Seyedeh Fahimeh Hosseini, Mohammad Farhadi, Maryam Jalessi, Atefeh Talebi, Elehe Amini, Rafieh Alizadeh,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Psychophysical tests are typically used for clinical assessment of human smelling function. Given that olfactory identification is linked to the regional culture, the main aim of this study was to provide the comprehensive “sniffin’ sticks” olfactory test, culturally adapted on the Iranian population as well as to examine the discriminatory power of this test between normal people and patients with olfactory disorder.
Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 3 steps. A total of 200 healthy people were recruited to determine odor familiarity (using Likert- scale) for the first step. In the second step, based on the original sniffin’ sticks test and odor familiarity, 16 odor items were selected. Odor modification was performed and the identification part of the sniffin’ sticks test was created. Then, 99 patients with olfactory disorders and 214 healthy participants were tested using the Iranian sniffin’ sticks test (Ir-SST). After 2 to 4 weeks, participants were reexamined and test reliability was evaluated by using a Pearson correlation coefficient test.
Results: The Ir-SST showed that scores of patients with smell loss were significantly lower than normosmic participants (13.6 ± 5.24 vs 34.3 ± 3.41, P < 0.001). The sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (93.5%) of the test were also found to be high. Test-retest reliability was as follows: composite score: r = 0.8; odor identification: r = 0.83; odor threshold: r = 0.77; and odor discrimination test: r = 0.56; P < 0.001.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the Ir-SST can be effectively adapted to the Iranian population. The current study validates that the sniffin' sticks olfactory test is applicable as a useful screening tool for comprehensive assessment of olfactory function in an Iranian population.
Saeid Mahmoudian, Mohammad Farhadi, Forouzan Akrami, Seyed Kamran Kamrava, Alimohamad Asghari, Behzad Damari,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: More than 6.8% of the world's population suffer from disabling hearing impairment. Hearing impairment can cause lifelong or even life-threatening problems and has a significant impact on the health and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the current situation of the ear and hearing care (EHC) in the frame of Iran health system.
Methods: This situation analysis was performed over a 5-year period (2013-2017) using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis method. First, after formation of the steering committee, all relevant published and unpublished articles and reports were reviewed and analyzed. In the next step, focused group discussion sessions (FGDs) were held with the participation of the experts, stakeholders, and Steering Committee members. Through the scissor-and-sort technique, the relevant data were highlighted and main categories evolved.
Results: The main challenges included inadequate health literacy, weak intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation, the inadequacy of policy responses, nonintegration of the EHC in the primary health care system, poor standard processes, and resources of EHC, and lack of EHC surveillance system. The 6 major interventions and strategies extracted as identifying the capacities of both the public and private sectors, reinforcement of intersectoral cooperation and intersectoral collaboration, standardizing the processes and integrating of EHC services in the PHC, reorganizing the referral system, promoting hearing health literacy, and minimizing hearing loss risk factors.
Conclusion: Implementing the proposed interventions and strategies is essential to improve the situation of Iran EHC management system during the next 5 years.
