Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran
مجله پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
Med J Islam Repub Iran
Medical Sciences
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir
2
journal2
1016-1430
2251-6840
8
10.18869/mjiri
14
8888
13
en
jalali
1399
10
1
gregorian
2021
1
1
35
1
online
1
fulltext
en
The relationship between dietary patterns, dietary quality index, and dietary inflammatory index with the risk of all types of cancer: Golestan cohort study
Nutrition
Nutrition
Original Research
Original Research
<strong>Background: </strong>Dietary patterns and diet quality index (DQI) are widely discussed in relation with different health conditions and have recently been taken into consideration for all cancer types. Since chronic inflammation has been recognized as an important biologic risk factor for cancer occurrence, especially in epithelial tissues, proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory characteristics of diet has become the center of attention. In the present study, we aimed to identify whether a specific dietary pattern, Mediterranean dietary score (MDs), and dietary inflammatory index (DII) were associated with overall cancer risk in Iranian population.<br>
<strong>Methods:</strong> This study was performed in the context of the Golestan cohort study. Participants with extreme daily energy intake or those who did not answer more than 30 question of the Food Frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were excluded. Dietary patterns, MDs, and DII were measured from FFQ. Age, sex, total energy, place of residence, smoking, wealth score, ethnicity, opiate use, BMI, education, marital status, and physical activity score were considered as confounding variables. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval of cancer were estimated.<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> HRs (95% CIs) of all cancers by quartiles of Western dietary pattern, DII, and MDs showed that the forth quartile of the Western dietary pattern is attributed to 23% higher cancer risk (HRs: 1.23, CI: 1.09-1.40, P< 0.001, adjusted for age and sex) compared to the first quartile. It also remained significant after further adjustments (HRs = 1.20, CI: 1.06-1.36, P< 0.001). There was a higher cancer risk in the fourth quartile of DII in comparison with the first quartile (HRs = 1.16, CI: 1.01-1.32, P trend < 0.001, adjusted for age and sex). The lower adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern also largely contributes to 27% higher cancer risk (HRs: 1.27, CI: 1.12-1.44), P trend < 0.001, adjusted for age and sex), which also remained remarkable after further adjustments ((HRs =1.19, CI: 1.05-1.35, P trend < 0.001).<br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Cancer is highly correlated to dietary intake and dietary patterns, such as the Western dietary pattern, while the Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with cancer risk. Further investigations are required to get a broader insight into cancer determinants in population.
Dietary Patterns, Dietary Quality Index, Dietary Inflammatory Index, Risk, Cancer, Golestan Cohort Study
375
382
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3609-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1
Marzieh
Nojomi
mnojomi@iums.ac.ir
200319475328460063331
200319475328460063331
No
Preventive Medicine & Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran & Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
Arash
Tehrani Banihashemi
tehrani.a@iums.ac.ir
200319475328460063332
200319475328460063332
No
Preventive Medicine & Public Health Research Center, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hassan
Niksima
hassanniksima@gmail.com
200319475328460063333
200319475328460063333
No
Preventive Medicine & Public Health Research Center, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Maryam
Hashemian
maryam.hashemian2@nih.gov
200319475328460063334
200319475328460063334
No
4. Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Azadeh
Mottaghi
mottaghi.azadeh@gmail.com
200319475328460063335
200319475328460063335
Yes
Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Reza
Malekzaddeh
malek@tums.ac.ir
200319475328460063336
200319475328460063336
No
6. Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran