eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
185
187
article
VULVAR CARCINOMA IN PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT
MITRA MODARES GILANI
1
MALIHE HASANZADEH
malhasan7:tdeh@yahoo.com
2
NADEREH BEHTASH
3
Tehran Universityof Medical Science, Tehran. Iran.
Tehran Universityof Medical Science, Tehran. Iran.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tchr;m. Iran.
ABSTRACT
Carcinoma of the vulva has
commonly been recognized as a disease of postmenopausal women, but some cases
have been reported in young women during pregnancy. Medical records were
reviewed for a patient with vulvar carcinoma diagnosed in pregnancy. Using Medline
and cross references, pertinent articles were sought and reviewed. A
28-year-old Afghan woman in her sixth pregnancy presented with a vulvar lesion.
Subsequent biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with
local excision. She had a cesarean section in her 36'h week of pregnancy. She undetwent
modified radical vulvectomy with bilateral groin dissection four weeks after ce
arean. Because of a grossly positive groin lymph node, she also unde1went
radiation therapy. She is alive without invasive cancer 7 months after
diagnosis. This case demonstrates the need to biopsy all suspicious vulvar
lesions, even in young and pregnant women.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-513-en.pdf
Vulvar carcinoma. pregnancy
squamous cell carcinoma of vulva.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
181
184
article
DETECTION OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF SUSPECTED CHILDREN WITH MENINGITIS BYPCR
F.A. NAKHJAVANI
1
F. BONAKDAR HASHEMI
2
M.T. KALANi
taherikalani @razi.tums.ac.ir
3
B. KAZEMI
4
K. NOURI
5
N. AZADI
6
M. HAGHI ASHTIANI
7
M. ALIGHOLI
8
U. ERFANI
9
M. ABEDINI
10
Department of microbiology. Faculty of Medicine. Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Department of microbiology. Faculty of Medicine. Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Department of microbiology. Faculty of Medicine. Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Departmzent of 'Parasiology, Faculty of' Medicine. Shahid Beheshti Universitv of Medical Sciences
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology. Faculty of'Public Health & lnstiture of Health Research, Tehran Universitv of Medical Sciences.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology. Faculty of'Public Health & lnstiture of Health Research, Tehran Universitv of Medical Sciences.
Children's Medical Center; Microbiology Laboratory.Tehran University of' Medical Sciences, Tehran. I.R.Iran.
Department of microbiology. Faculty of Medicine. Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Children's Medical Center; Microbiology Laboratory.Tehran University of' Medical Sciences, Tehran. I.R.Iran.
Children's Medical Center; Microbiology Laboratory.Tehran University of' Medical Sciences, Tehran. I.R.Iran.
ABSTRACT Background: A polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers from "hpd" gene was compared
with culture for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in CSF
samples from children suspected of meningitis. Methods: 300 cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) samples from suspected meningitis cases were studied by culture (Leventhal
; Chocolate Agar) and PCR. Results: The latter method
could detect Hib in all 5 culture positive and in 2 of 295 culture negative
cases, showing sensitivity, specificity, and an accuracy index of 100%, 99% and
99%, respectively. The PCR result was available within a day. Conclusion: This study has
shown that PCR is a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic test for Hib from
CSF samples. Futthermore, to maximize management of meningitis cases to reduce
the morbidity, mortality, and complications of invasive Hib infection a
combination of culture and PCR is necessary for the detection ofHib infection. The
incidence ofHib meningitis among children in Children's Medical Center in Tehran
based on culture and PCR results were 2.4% and 1.7% respectively. Based on culture
results, Hib causes 15.6% of all cases ofbacte1ial meningitis in children.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-512-en.pdf
Haemophilus influenzae type b; Meningitis: PCR; culture; CSF; Iran; Incidence.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
175
179
article
COMPARISON OF CULTURE WITH POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR DETECTION OF UREAPLASMA UREALYTICUM IN ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS
SHAHIN NAJAR PEERAYEH
najarp_s@modares.ac.ir
1
ROOHOLLAH MIRDAMADI
2
From the department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
From The department of Gynecology, Toos Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum is known as a sexually transmitted agent,
causing mainly urethritis, pelvic int1ammatory disease, spontaneous abortion, pyelonephritis,
infertility, stillbirth, low birth weight neonatal meningititis, and neonatal pneumonia.
U. urealyticum infections not only jeopardize fertility but also pose a risk for
infertility treatment and resulting pregnancies. Diagnosis of U. urealyticul7I infections
by bacterial conventional methods is very difficult The aim of this study was to compare
culture with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the prevalence of U.
urealyticum in endocervical specimens from infertile women.
Methods: 312 endocervical swab samples were taken from infel1ile women, and
transpOJ1ed with mycoplasma transpol1 media. The culture was done with liquid-solid
methods. DNA was extracted by Cadieux method, and analyzed by PCR protocol
with species-specific U4;US primers.
Results: U. urealyticum was detected in 26.2% (82/312) of specimens by both
culture and PCR methods. 12.5% (39/312) of samples were PCR positive as well as
culture positive, 11.2% (351312) were positive only by PCR,and2.S%(8/312) were positive
only by culture.
Conclusion: A sensitivity of 90% and 57% was found for PCR and culture respectively,
PCR is therefore sensitive and more rapid «24 hour) than culture (2-5
days) for the detection of U. urealyticum in endocervical secretions.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-511-en.pdf
Urealasma
urealyticm
Infertility
PCR. mycoplasma
genitourinary tract diseases
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
169
174
article
EFFECTS OF UBIQUINOL-1 0 AND f3-CAROTENE ON THE IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN TO COPPER-INDUCED OXIDATION
MOHAMMAD-REZA SAFARI
safa ri (i:i ·umsha .ac.ir
1
MOHSEN REZAEI
2
HESHMATOLLAH TAHERKHANI
3
Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciencesand Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciencesand Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciencesand Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.
ABSTRACT Background: Dietary
antioxidant intake has been reported to be inversely associated with coronary
miery disease. To clarify the possible role oflipophilic antioxidants in the
prevention of atherosclerosis, we investigated the effects ofubiquinol-1 0 and
~-carotene on the susceptibility oflow-density lipoprotein(LD L) to oxidative modification. Methods: In this study,
first "ubiquinol-1 0 and ~-carotene" were added to plasma and
incubated for 3hr at 37°C. Then, the LDL fraction was separated by
ultracentrifugation. The oxidizability ofLDL was estimated by measuring
conjugated diene (CD), lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive
substances (TBARS) after cupric sulfate solution was added. Results: We showed that
ubiquinone-! 0 and ~-carotene significantly (p ~-carotene. Conclusion: LDL exposed to
the lipophilic antioxidants in vitro reduced oxidizability. These findings
suggest that ubiquinol-1 0 and ~-carotene have a role in ameliorating
atherosclerosis.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-510-en.pdf
LDL
Oxidation
Atherosclerosis
Ubiquinol -1 0
β -Carotene .
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
159
164
article
LONG TERM ORAL ETOPOSIDE AS SECOND-LINE THERAPY IN RECURRENT EPITHELIAL CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY
AZAM SADAT MOOSAVI
a3064@sina.tums.ac.ir
1
AFSANEH TEHRANIAN
2
NADEREH BEHTASH
3
MITRA MODARES GILANI
4
FATEMEH GHAEM-MAGHAMI
5
From the department of Gynecology /oncology, Vali Asr Hospital, Vali Asr reproductive Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
From the department of Gynecology /oncology, Vali Asr Hospital, Vali Asr reproductive Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
From the department of Gynecology /oncology, Vali Asr Hospital, Vali Asr reproductive Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
From the department of Gynecology /oncology, Vali Asr Hospital, Vali Asr reproductive Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
From the department of Gynecology /oncology, Vali Asr Hospital, Vali Asr reproductive Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: The activity and toxicity of etoposide in women with recurrent
ovarian cancer was evaluated in a case series of women with recurrent ovarian cancer
who had measurable disease,
Methods: All patients had plior platinum-based chemotherapy and developed
progressive disease, Etoposide was given as 50mg/day for 21 days every 4 weeks until
progression of disease or prohibitive toxicity, Between December 1999 and January
2004,32 patients were enrolled in this study.
Results: 30 patients received a total of 133 cycles of etoposide. Median age was
49 years (range, 19 to 75). The median number of etoposide cycles was 4 (range, 1 to
12). There were 5 partial responses (16.6%). The mean response duration was 4.8
months (range, 3.5 to 6). median progression-free interval CPFI) was 7 months (range,
3 to 13), and median survival time was 12.5 months (range. 1.3 to 36).
Conclusion: The major toxicity was leukopenia. One patient required red blood
cell transfusions, and the main non-hematologic toxicity was nausea and vomiting. There
were no treatment-related mortalities. Although etoposide appears to exhibit modest
activity in recurrent ovarian cancer after platinum-based therapy, response and survival
durations are short.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1602-en.pdf
Oral etoposide
recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer
second-line chemotherapy
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
153
158
article
A DOUBLE BLIND, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF KETOCONAZOLE FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION SYNDROME
MOHAMMAD EBRAHIM PARSANEZHAD
parsame@sums.ac. ir
1
MAHNAZ PAKNIAT
2
SAEED ALBORZI
3
ERNST HEINRICH SCHMIDT
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Evang Diakrmie Teaching Hospital of the Gottingen University, Bremen, Germany.
ABSTRACT Background: In order to
evaluate the role ofketoconazole in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome (OHSS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing
ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins, a prospective, randomized, double-blind,
placebo controlled study was done on one-hundred and nine PCOS women that had
been refeiTed to be treated by gonadotropins. Methods: Alll09 women were
assigned for random allocation. Group A (50 patients) received two ampoules
ofhMG beginning on day 2 or 3 of the cycle and ketoconazole (50 mg/every 48
hours) starting on the first day ofhMG treatment. Group B (51 patients)
received the same protocol ofhMG combined with one tablet of placebo every 48
hours. Main outcome measures were follicular development, E2levels, and
pregnancy rate. Results: The total number
ofhMG ampoules and duration oftreatment to attain ovarian stimulation was
higher in group A (p<O.OOO 1 ). Serum E2level and number of patients with
dominant follicles on day 9 of the cycle were higher in group B (p<O.OOO 1
). There was no significant difference between semm E2level and total number of
follicles at the time ofhCG administration in the two groups. The cancellation
rate and OHSS rate were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Ketoconazole
has no effect in prevention of OHSS in PCOS patients undergoing ovarian
stimulation. It may however reduce the rate of folliculogenesis and
steroidogenesis.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-509-en.pdf
Polycystic ovary syndrome. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
ketoconazole.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
147
151
article
CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVALENCE OF OCCULT HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C IN IRAN
TAHEREH ZANDIEH
zandyeh@ ibto.ir
1
NADER COHAN
2
SHAHRAM SAMIEI
3
SEDIEGHEH AMINI
4
ZAHRA ATAEI
5
MAHNAZ KAVARI
6
Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Sheikh Fazlollah Expressway. ShahidHemmat. Tehran, Iran.
The Research Center of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Tehran. Iran.
The Research Center of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Tehran. Iran.
The Research Center of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Tehran. Iran.
The Research Center of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Tehran. Iran.
The Research Center of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Tehran. Iran.
ABSTRACT Background: Hepatitis B
virus (HBV) infection in patients who lack detectable hepatitis B surface
antigen (HBsAg) is called occult hepatitis B infection. Such infections have
been frequently identified in patients with chronic hepatitis Cliver disease, but
their prevalence is not known. Methods: 207 patients with
chronic hepatitis C who were HCV -RNA and antiHCV positive were studied for
HBV-DNA by PCR, and for HBsAg and anti-HBc by ELISA. DNA was extracted by high
pure nucleic acid kit (Roche-Germany). HBVDNA amplification was done with a set
of primer directed to the pre-S region. HBsAg and anti-HBc were evaluated by a
commercially available ELISA kit (Dade Behring). Results: 23 of 207
patients with chronic hepatitis Cliver disease ( 11.1%) were positive for
HBV-DNA (co-infection). Among this group 17 patients (8.2%) were HBsAg negative
(occult infection). 8 of 17 patients with occult infection ( 4 7%) were anti-HBc
positive and 9 were anti-HBc negative (53%). No significant difference was
found in epidemiological and biochemical parameters in patients with HCV alone
in comparison with HCV co-infected with occult hepatitis B (p= 0.453 for ALT
and p= 0.498 for AST). Conclusion: Occult
hepatitis B virus infections occur frequently in patients with chronic
hepatitis Cliver disease and may have clinical significance.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-508-en.pdf
Occult hepatitis B. Surface antigen
chronic hepatitis C
PCR.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
141
145
article
ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS AND ThiOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCE IN GINGIVAL TISSUES OF DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
B. HOOSHMAND
hchodh!hhmund· @yahoo.com
1
M.T. GOODARZI
2
F. OURAI
3
M.R. SAFARI
4
S. AMIRI
5
Dept. of Periodomology & lmplamolog.'; Demal School, /-J{I(uadcm Uuiret:viry of Mediml Sciences, Hamadan.
Dept. of Biochemislly and NimitiOtl, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan.
Dept. of Periodomology & lmplamolog.'; Demal School, /-J{I(uadcm Uuiret:viry of Mediml Sciences, Hamadan.
ABSTRACT Background: Production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is directly linked to the level and duration of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Free radicals are f01med in diabetes by glucose oxidation, nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and subsequent oxidative degradation of glycated proteins. Thiobarbitwic acid reactive substance (TBARs) is a factor evidence in the presence of oxidative stress as a potential mechanism underlying periodontal disease associated with diabetes. Methods: ll subjects (mean age 38.9 years, 6M, SF) with chronic periodontitis associated with diabetes (5 Type I, 6 Type II) and 16 subjects (mean age 36.7 years, 7M, 6F) with chronic periodontitis as a matched control group participated in this study. Clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing were determined in all subjects during clinical examination. FBS and HbAlc were measured in all subjects. Sections of gingival ti sue of all patients were removed dUiing periodontal surge1y. AGEs and TBARS were measured in all removed gingival tissues. The statistical analysis was carried out using T-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: FBS in diabeti c and non-di abetic patients was 155.0 ± 82.0 and 87.4± I 0.6 mg/dL respectively and the difference between the two groups was statistica lly significant (p= 0.03 ). There was also a significant eli fferenee in HbA lc between the two studied groups (5±0.04 and9.1± 1.03%) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects respectively, (p= 0.000). A higher level ofTBARs was observed in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics ( 1.13±0.3 vs 0.05±0.01 mole/lit p= 0.00 I ). Clinical attachment loss also was higher in diabetic patient (p= 0.008). Conclusion: From the results of this study it can be concluded that oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of pe1iodontitis in diabetic patients.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-438-en.pdf
Diabetes. Periodontitis. Advanced glyca1ion end produc1s (AGE). Thiobarblluric acid reactive substance (TBARS).
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
135
139
article
THE ONSET TIME OF LACTATION AFTER DELIVERY
K. SAKHA
Sak hak@tbzmed.ac. ir
1
A.G.G. BEHBAHAN
2
Department of Pediatrics. Tabriz Universinty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz , I.R.!ran.
Department of Pediatrics. Tabriz Universinty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz , I.R.!ran.
ABSTRACT Background: As any delay in the onset of milk production and ejection in the first few days after delivery can cause breast-feeding failure, this study has been done to determine factors that may affect the onset time of lactation in vaginal and cesarean section deliveries with and without labor pain (elective). Methods: 300 partUJient mothers selected from two private and university hospitals were divided in three separate groups (each consisted of 100 cases) according to their delivery type [vaginal and cesarean section with and without pain (elective)]. Interfering factors like mothers' ornewboms' illnesses were omitted, the needed infom1ation about filling ofbreasts and milk ejection was given to mothers before partw·ition, then a questionnaire was provided and offered to them, data collected and statistical analysis cruTied out. Results: There was a meaningful difference between average time of milk-ejection in groups with different types of delivery (p= 0.00 I), but no difference was found between elective cesarean section and cesarean section with labor pain (p= 0.741 ). We found that milk-ejection time has a strong COITelation with type of delivery (r= O.SlO) and also the time of taking the neonate back to mother (r = 0.256), and this correlation is statistically meaningful (p= 0.000). Conclusion: Any kind of stress including cesarean section may postpone milk ~jection by hmmonal inhibition for a few days after delivery and this will result in newborn weight loss and fai lure of nursing by the mother. So, to support breast feeding in our country, the rate of cesarean section must be wisely diminished, vaginal delivery encouraged, and after deli very every newborn taken back to his or her mother as soon as possible for nursing.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-437-en.pdf
Lactation
Vaginal de li very. Cesarean deli very.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
131
134
article
SIMILARITY BETWEEN FIRST SEIZURE AND RECURRENT SEIZURES IN CHILDREN
JAVAD AKHONDIAN
j-akhondian@ mums.ac. i r
1
ALI POUR AKBAR
2
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chaem Gel/era/ Hmpital, Mash had Universi~v of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran .
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chaem Gel/era/ Hmpital, Mash had Universi~v of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran .
ABSTRACT Background: The efficacy of anticonvulsants after a first seizure is uncertain the more predictable the time and the type of recunent seizure, the more preventable the probable events. This study was conducted to evaluate sirnilmity of type and time of a first seizure and its recutTence in children. Methods: 174 children with at least two separate seizures were taken into account. Results: Overall in 90.5% the sleep-wake state at the second seizure was the same as the first one, while the seizure type was consistent from the first seizure to the second with 95.9% being the same. Conclusion: This infonnation should be helpful in 1) counseling parents after their child has had a first seizure, and 2) in answering the question whether treatment should be started in a child presenting with a first epi Ieptic seizure.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.pdf
Seizure
RecmTence
chi ldren.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
127
130
article
PREDICTING THE RISK OF PRETERM LABOR BY SECOND TRIMESTER MEASUREMENT OF MATERNAL a-FETOPROTEIN LEVELS AND A RISK FACTOR SCORING SYSTEM
FATEMEH DAVARI TANHA
fa ted a var i(a:yahoo.com
1
FARIBA SARDARI
2
ZAHRA EFTEKHAR
3
MAHBOD KAVEH
4
NARGESS IZADY MOOD
5
Department of Obstetrics & Cynecolog;: Mirza Koochek Khan Ho5pital. Reproductive HealthResearch Cente1: Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics & Cynecolog;: Mirza Koochek Khan Ho5pital. Reproductive HealthResearch Cente1: Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics & Cynecolog;: Mirza Koochek Khan Ho5pital. Reproductive HealthResearch Cente1: Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics & Cynecolog;: Mirza Koochek Khan Ho5pital. Reproductive HealthResearch Cente1: Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics & Cynecolog;: Mirza Koochek Khan Ho5pital. Reproductive HealthResearch Cente1: Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT Background: Preterm labor (delivery after 20 weeks and before 37 weeks of gestation) is the leading cause of prenatal mortality in developed countries. Many women who have pre term labor have abnom1ally high plasma levels of a-fetoprotein in early pregnancy. Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the ability of this biochemical test and a clinical risk factor scoring system to prospectively discriminate pregnancies at high risk for preterm delivery. In nested case control study six~hundred women were studied prospectively from the early second trimester until delivery. There were sixty women in the study group (those with preterm delivery) and sixty women in the control group (those with term delivery). A plasma level sample was collected during the second trimester, between 17 and 30 week's gestation. Then a-fetoprotein was determined in both groups. Results: The mean AFP level was 196.75± 151.48 IU/mL in the study group and 85.98±55.90 IU/mL in the control group, both of which were statistically significant (p<O.OO 1). The mean infants age was 33.11±3.40 weeks in the study group and 38.83±0.86 weeks in the control group (p<O.OOl) and mean of birth weight was 1988±672.33 grin the study group and 3241 .50±405.98 grin the control group (p 10 in 17% of women in the study group and in 8% of women in the control group. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of this test was 78%, 65%,69.10 and 75% respectively. The accuracy of the test, LR+ and LR- were 71%,2.24 and 0.333 respectively. Conclusion: The combination of measurement ofmatemal serum AFP in the second trimester associated with a risk factor scoring system provides a more accurate indicator ofthe1iskofpretenndeliveryand therefore may be of use in targeting prevention strategies.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-435-en.pdf
a-fetoprotein
prematurity
pretenn deli very
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
119
125
article
COMPARISION OF THE EFFICACY OF NEBULIZED L-EPINEPHRINE, SALBUTAMOLAND NORMAL SALINE IN ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
J. KHASHABI
jkhashabi@umsu.ac.ir
1
S. SALARI LAK
2
M. KARAMIYAR
3
H. MUSSAVI
4
Department oj'Pediatrics. Imam Medical Cente1: Urumieh Universitv of Medical Sciences, Urzmzieh. I.R. Iran.
ABSTRACT Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the most common form of lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. There are numerous contradictory reports regarding the efficacy of nebulized bronchodilators in the management of infants with acute bronchiolitis. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of nebulized epinephrine with salbutamol for treatment of the disease. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 72 infants with moderately severe bronchiolitis were enrolled in three equal groups. Three doses of epinephrine, salbutamol, and normal saline as a placebo nebulized with oxygen were given at 20 minute intervals. Oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and distress were recorded before intervention and I0 minutes after each dose of the drugs. Results: At the end of the study, pre- and post-treatment mean oxygen saturation values, clinical scores and respiratory rates showed significant differences between the epinephrine and salbutamol groups in comparison with the placebo group. The results were more significant in the epinephrine group than other groups. After the treatment course 66%, 50%, and 25% of patients in epinephrine, salbutamol, and placebo groups respectively showed significant improvement at a degree that they could be sent home. No serious side effects were observed. Conclusion: Both nebulized epinephrine and salbutamol improved oxygenation and decreased respiratory distress better than normal saline. L-epinephrim was more effective in relieving respiratory distress and improving oxygen saturation as well as the need for hospitalization than nebulized salbutamol.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-434-en.pdf
Epinephrine
Salbutamol
Bronchiolitis
Clinical trials
Infants.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
109
117
article
COMBINATION THERAPY WITH PULSE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE PLUS CORTICOSTEROIDS IMPROVES RENAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS
Z. REZAIE-YAZDI
rezaieyazdi@mums.ac.ir
1
J. FORGHANIZADEH
2
J. REZAIE
3
P. SALEHIAN
4
H. MANSOURI TORGHABEH
5
c;hac·m hospital. MashhadL'ni1 ersit1· o!' Medical Science. Mashhad. Iran.
Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran. Iran.
Azad University of Medical Sciences. Mashhad. Iran.
Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran. Iran.
l'arhiat 'vi<Hlarres Medica l Uninversity, Tehran. Iran.
ABSTRACT Background: The prognosis of SLE is int1uenced by the onset of glomerulonephtitis. Clinical ttials in lupus nephritis have demonstrated that cyclophosphamide therapy is the superior regimen in the management oflupus nephritis for preserving renal function. Objective: The purpose of this study is to define the outcome of renal function with bolus pu lses of cyclophosphamide and steroid according to our protocol and also to determine an appropriate pattern of treatment of lupus nephritis. Methods: In this open-label clinical triaL to evaluate the results, the short-term prognosis and the rate of complications of an immunosuppressive regimen with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, twenty-five patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis were studied. Treatment was structured in 4 phases: I) Induction with bolus methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. 2) Maintenance with oral prednisolone for 4 weeks and monthly cyclophosphamide pulses for 6 months. 3) Tapeting with reduction of prednisolone by 10% each month and continuing cyclophosphamide every other month till one year and for the second year every 3 months. 4) Discontinuation with oral prednisolone slowly tapered to the least effective daily dose and cyclophosphamide discontinued after 2 yr of therapy. We defined primary outcome measures according to these criteria: renal function return to normal limits or become stable, regression of systemic and local inflammatory symptoms. urine protein excretion h1lling below 0.3 gr/ elL or by at least SOo/c. RBC cast disappearance, C3, C4, Hb, and ESR return to notmallimits. Result: Twenty-three patients wi th lupus nephritis completed our therapeutic protocol. Renal biopsy was perfonned in 22 cases and indicated type IV in 20 patients (95.2%), and type V in 2 patients. After an average of 4+ 1.95 months 22 patients achieved remission (95.65%) and only one case remained non-responsive. She became pregnant in her fourth month of therapy. Significant statistical differences were achieved between creatinine, proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia, urinary cast, C3, C4, ESR, and Hb before and after therapy (p<0.05). Plasma creatinine fell from 1 .44+0.95 mg/dL to 0.97+0. 78 (p<0.004). Proteinuria fell from 1879.78+ 1854.46 to 408.34+572.92 mg/24h (p<O.OO1). Thirteen episode of relapses were treated again with repeated cycles of cyclophosphamide and all remitted again. Conclusion: Intensive immunosuppression with steroid and cyclophosphamide provides excellent results with an acceptable rate of complications in the treatment of lupus nephritis.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-433-en.pdf
Lupus nephriti s-Cyc lophosphamide- Glomerulonephritis.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
103
107
article
ELECTIVE VERSUS ULTRASOUND –INDICATED CERVICAL CERCLAGE IN WOMEN AT RISK FOR CERVICAL INCOMPETENCE
ABOUTALEB BEIGI
beigi_a@yahoo.com
1
FARIBA ZARRINKOUB
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, A rash Universitr Hospital, Tehran Universitv ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, A rash Universitr Hospital, Tehran Universitv ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT Background: To compare pregnancy outcomes in women at risk for cervical incompetence after elective versus ultrasound- indicated cerclage. Methods: In a prospective randomized tlial, singleton pregnancies with at least one previous spontaneous midtrimester loss or early preterm delivery (between 15 and 32 weeks' gestation) who met clinical crite1ia for the diagnosis of cervical incompetence were allocated to receive either an elective cerclage (elective cerclage group) or serial transvaginal cervical sonography at rest and after trans fundal pressure every 2 weeks between 14 and 24 weeks'gestation, with cerclage only if indicated by cervical shortening (transvaginal sonography group). The Mann-Whitney U test, Chi- square and Fisher exact test were used for analysis of the data. Results: A total of97 patients were identified. Forty-five received elective cerclage and 52 were followed up with transvaginal sonography, of which 53.8% (28/52) required a cervical cerclage because of cervical changes. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics and risk factors for cervical incompetence. The median gestational age at delivery [38 (range 17- 40) vs. 38 (range 19-40)weeks p= 0.90], the early losses before 25 weeks' gestation (8.8% vs. 9.6% p= 0.70) and preterm deliveries before 37 weeks'(20% vs. 25%p= 0.50) were similar in the elective cerclage group and transvaginal sonography group respectively. Conclusion: In women at risk for cervical incompetence, serial transvaginal cervical sonography, with cerclage only if indicated by cervical shortening, appears to be a safe a! ternati ve to traditional elective cerclage.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-432-en.pdf
Cervical incompetence
Cerclage. Transvaginal Sonography
Preterm birth.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
2005-08
19
2
95
101
article
CLINICAL TRUNK MUSCLE ENDURANCE TESTS IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT LOW BACK PAIN
ISMAEIL EBRAHIMI
1
GHOLAM REZA SHAH HOSSEINI
2
HOSSEIN FARAHINI
3
AMIR MASSOUD ARAB
arabloo masoud@hotmai.com
4
Iran University of MedicalSciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran University of MedicalSciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran University of MedicalSciences, Tehran, Iran.
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.
ABSTRACT Study design: A cross-sectional non-experimental study. Objectives: To collectively detect the reliability and feasibility of the five types of clinical tests that have been used to measure endurance of the trunk muscles in subjects with and without low back pain (LBP) and identifY the sensitivity of each test to predict the probability of the occurrence ofLBP. Background: Testing spinal muscle endurance seems to be very important in prediction, prevention and rehabilitation ofLBP. Several types of methods of static endurance testing such as: Sorensen test, prone isometric chest raise test, prone double straight-leg raise test, supine isometric chest raise test and supine double straight-leg raise test regarding their utilization have been reported in the literature. However, identification ofthe tests that have more dominant sensitivity on assessment ofLBP has not yet been determined. Information regarding the sensitivity of each test is needed for effective prevention and appropriate treatment strategies. Methods: A total of200 subjects pmiicipated in this study. Subjects were categorized into four groups: asymptomatic males (N= 50, mean age= 38+ 12 years), asymptomatic females (N= 50, mean age= 43+ 11 years), males with LBP (N= 50, mean age= 39+ 12 years), and females with LBP (N= 50, mean age= 43+ 12 years). Five clinical tests were measured in each group and the relative association of each test on LBP was assessed. Results: Among all the performed tests, the prone double straight-leg raise test had the highest association with LBP. Other tests such as the prone isometric chest raise test, Supine isometric chest raise test and Supine double straight-leg raise test had low association with LBP in comparison with the prone double straight-leg raise test. Conclusion: It seems that the prone double straight-leg raise test has more association with LBP than other tests and could be used as a useful method for testing spinal muscle endurance, prediction of the probability of the occurrence of LBP, and prevention and rehabilitation of LBP.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-431-en.pdf
Muscle endurance. Low back pain
Test.