eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
159
160
article
ASTERNIA: A CASE REPORT
FLORA ZOHOORI
1
FIROOZEH HOSSEINI
2
From the Department of Neonatology, Fatemieh Hospital, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Absence of the sternum or asterniais the rarest developmental anomaly of the
stern um. A female newborn is presented with asternia and ASD.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-962-en.pdf
Asternia
normal vaginal delivery (NVD)
atrial septal defect (ASD).
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
157
158
article
R EPORT OF THREE C A SES OF CIPR OFLOXACININDUCED HEMOLYTIC A NEMI A IN G6PD DEFICIENT PATIENTS
F MANSOUR GHANAIE
1
R NASSIRI
2
From the Department of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR. Iran
the *Division of Medical Pharmacology and Virology, Dept. of Pharmacology, Pittsburg h University, Erie, PA, 16509, USA.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-961-en.pdf
Ciprofloxacin
Hemolytic anemia
G6PD deficiency.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
151
155
article
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF KETOTIFEN ON CONTRACTIONS OF RAT ISOLATED BLADDER
H SADRAEI
1
V HAJHASHEMI
2
From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ,Isfahan, I.R. Iran.
Ketotifen is a benzocycloheptathiophene with a range of pharmacological
activities. The present study was carried out to evaluate the action of ketotifen on
isolated rat bladder contractions induced by KCI and acetylcholine, compared with
the effects of other drugs. Ketotifen (5 µM) reduced the response to acetylcholine
on rat isolated bladder without altering the maximum response and shifted the
acetylcholine concentration-response curve to the right 16 - fold. Ketotifen also
reduced the KCl response, while atropine only inhibited the response to acetylcholine.
Diazoxide inhibited bladder - induced contraction only at high concentration (500
µM). This study shows that ketotifen is a relaxant of isolated rat bladder. As the
inhibition of contractile overactivity of the bladder is the basis of treatment of
bladder instability, provided that a similar effect will be seen in vivo, then ketotifen
may have clinical benefits for treatment of this condition.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-960-en.pdf
Bladder
Ketotifen
Atropine
Diazoxide
Smooth Muscle.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
143
149
article
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF TWO NEWLY SYNTHESIZED NONDEPOLARIZING NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS
H FAJRAK
1
IAN. G MARSHALL
2
C PRIOR
3
From the Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Baghyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
the Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
the Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
The potential changes In neuromuscular blockade after chronic (>24 h)
administration of sub-paralytic doses of two newly introduced aminosteroidal
muscle relaxants were investigated. Org-9426 (rocuronium) and Org-9487 were
studied in the in vivo guinea pig gastrocnemius muscle-sciatic nerve preparation.
The problems seen after prolonged administration of muscle relaxants are thought
to arise from up-regulation of AChRs and this phenomenon may be responsible,
at least in part, for prolonged muscle paralysis, development of resistance to
muscle relaxants and generalized muscle weakness seen with chronic administration.
After two weeks of chronic treatment, using implanted osmotic mini-pumps
delivering sub-paralytic doses of the test drugs, responsiveness to the muscle
relaxants altered significantly so that higher doses were required in the drug pretreated
groups to produce the same twitch block as in matched control animals. A
possible explanation for this observation is that, following chronic treatment, upregulation
of AChRs occurs, at the neuromuscular junction, thus increasing the
required doses in the drug pre-treated animals as compared with the control group.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-959-en.pdf
Up-regulation
Neuromuscular junction
Chronic administration
Org-9487
Org- 9426.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
139
142
article
EPINEPHRINE INHIBITS THE A CTIVITY OF PHOSPH ATIDATE PHOSPHOHYDROLASE OF ISOLATED HUMA N HEPATOCYTES
BAHRAM HAGHIGHI
1
SHAHRAZ TOORI
2
SHAHREBANOU SHAJARIAN
3
From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R.Iran
The effect of epinephrine on phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity of
isolated human hepatocytes was studied. Epineprine inhibited the enzyme activity
progressively at concentrations above 0.1 µM, reaching a maximum inhibition of
64.5% at 100 µM concentration. Inclusion of alprenolol, a β-receptor blocker, in
the incubation mixture abolished the inhibitory effect of epinephrine on PAP,
whereas the (i-receptor antagonist phentolamine, or agonist phenylephrine, did not
significantly change the hormone's effect. Addition of dibutyryl-cAMP or
.aminophylline (a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor) to the incubation mixture
together with epinephrine caused further enzyme inhibiti.on reaching 65.6% and
63.7%, respectively, compared to 49% inhibition caused by epinephrine alone
under the same conditions. Dibutyryl-cAMP alone also inhibited PAP activity
(51 %). The results suggested that epinephrine affects human hepatocyte PAP
activity through β-adrenoceptor activation and cAMP is involved in the mechanism
by which PAP activity is altered.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-958-en.pdf
Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
Epinephrine
Adrenoceptors.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
133
138
article
MORPHINE AND APOMORPHINE INHIBIT GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT (GIT) THROUGH TWO DIFFERENT MECHANISMS
ZAHRA SARI
1
MR ZARRINDAST
2
F ROUSHANZAMIR
3
From the Department of Physiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak
the Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
the Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,l R.lran.
Morphine was used as a remedy for the control of diarrhea centuries before it's
sedative-analgesic effect was discovered.
Although several mechanisms have been proposed for the morphine-induced
inhibition of gastrointestinal transit (OIT), the exact mechanism has not yet been
identified. On this basis the possible involvement of the dopaminergic system in
morphine-induced inhibition of transit was investigated.
This study showed that morphine decreased gastrointestinal transit (OIT) of
charcoal dust in mice.in a dose-dependent manner. The response was inhibited by
the opiate antagonist naloxone. Pretreatment of animals with the D-2 antagonist
sulpiride or the peripheral dopamine antagonist domperidone did not alter the
morphine-induced inhibition of OIT. The D-l/D-2 agonist apomorphine also
decreased OIT in mice. The response was inhibited by SCH 23390 or sulpiride
pretreatment (p<0.01), but not by domperidone or naloxone. It is concluded that
morphine and apomorphine inhibit OIT through opiate and dopaminergic
mechanisms, respectively.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-957-en.pdf
Morphine
Dopamine
Gastrointestinal transit.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
129
132
article
PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN A AND ASPIRIN ON UV LIGHT-INDUCED RETINOPATHY IN AN ANIMA L MODEL
BA SBAHRIARI
1
AM SALARI
2
From the Dept. of Ophthalmology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR.Iran.
In order to identify the effects of vitamin A and aspirin on reducing UV lightinduced
retinopathy, ERG waves were compared before and after UV light
exposure in rabbits. 30 rabbits were divided into 3 groups: the first group received
vitamin A, 50,000 units I.M., single dose, the second group received aspirin, 50 mg/
kg/day PO and the third group did not receive any medication. All three groups
were exposed to UV light generated by three 30 watt lamps for 14 days. Baseline
ERGs were recorded for all rabbits prior to UV light exposure and the second ERG
was taken 14 days after exposure.
The control group showed a 62.6% decrease in voltage amplitude from the
baseline of photopic flicker 30 Hz ERG. This decrease was 28.6% for those who
received vitamin A and only 8.8% for those who received aspirin. Regarding
photopic single flash ERGs, the decrease in the voltage amplitude for control,
vitamin A and aspirin groups was 49.02%,26.14% and 24.83%, respectively.
It was therefore concluded that vitamin A and aspirin have a preventive role on
the side effects of UV light in the rabbit eye retina.
Further studies are needed to elicit the appropriate dosage of aspirin and vitamin
A in preventing the side effects of UV light in the human eye.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-956-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
124
127
article
MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL UPTAKE OF A DENOSINE BY NITROBENZYLTHIOINOSINE
A. MAJID CHERAGHALI
1
ALAN R.P PATERSON
2
WENDY P. GATI
3
From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Baghyatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
the Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
the Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
In this study the uptake and metabolism of adenosine by mitochondria has been
investigated. Incubation of CEM cells mitochondria preparation with [3H] -adenosine
showed substantial uptake and metabolism of adenosine. Adenosine was both
anabolized to AMP, ADP and ATP, and also catabolized to inosine. The highest
concentration of metabolites in extracted mitochondria was due to AMP. The
mitochondria preparation did not show any 5'-nucleotidase activity and this will
exclude any possibility of the production of adenosine from AMP in the
preparation. Coincubation of [3H]-adenosine with mitochondria in the presence of
2µM of a known potent nucleoside transporter inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioinosine
(NBMPR), substantially reduced the mitochondria content of adenosine and its
metabolites. The results of this study showed that adenosine was up taken by the
mitochondria preparation. Metabolism of adenosine after incubation with CEM
mitochondria provided further evidence for mitochondrial uptake and metabolism
of this nucleoside.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-955-en.pdf
Adenosine
mitochondria
uptake
metabolism
nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR).
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
119
123
article
THE ROLE OF B-CELLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY TO CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION
MH DAVAMI
1
V McDONALD
2
From the Dept. of Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 646, Arak, Islamic Republic of Iran
the Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT, England.
Studies have shown that symptomatic improvement of cryptosporidiosis in
immunocompromised patients is possible following treatment with" hyperimmune"
colostrum containing anti-sporozoite antibodies from cattle immunized with
Cryptosporidium parvum antigens. The contribution to immunity of antibodies
developed during Cryptosporidium infection is unclear, however. Previously, we
showed that SCID ( severe combined immunodeficiency) mice acquired immunity
to C. muds infection if injected with immunocompetent splenocytes. To investigate
the role of the splenic donor B-cells in this immunity, groups of CB-17 SCID mice
received BALB/c splenocytes, or splenocytes depleted of B-cells by
immunomagnetic separation before infection. Both groups recovered from infection
at similar times and displayed little difference in patterns of oocyst excretion.
Subsequently, B-cells and serum anti-parasite antibodies were found only in mice
reconstituted with unfractionated spleen cells. These results suggested that Bcells
may not normally be required in immunity against Cryptosporidium.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-954-en.pdf
Cryptosporidium
B-cell
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
115
118
article
RELAPSE RATE IN DAILY SINGLE-DOSE PREDNISOLONE THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH PRIMARY NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
MH FALLAHZADEH
1
GH HASHEMI
2
M SHARIATI
3
From the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R.lran.
Most current references recommend divided doses of prednisolone for the
initial treatment of idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome in children,
with relapse occuring in the majority of them, but there is little experience
concerning single-dose prednisolone therapy, especially considering the relapse
rate. In this prospective study on 36 consecutive children with primary nephrotic
syndrome, prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) was used as a single daily dose in 17
patients (SD group), or divided into 3 doses in 19 cases (DD group) who were
randomly selected, and relapse rates were compared.
The mean age of the patients was 6 years (range 15 months-I3 years)• and there
was no statistically significant difference between the two groups considering age,
sex, clinical presentation, laboratory findings at the time of admission and
prednisolone side effects.
After 4 weeks of full dose prednisolone therapy, the drug was changed to 2 mg!
kg as a single dose every other day in both groups, irrespective of the response.
During the third month of therapy, the drug was reduced to 1 mg/kg every other
day and it was discontinued after 4 weeks.
Relapse rate was compared in steroid responsive patients in both groups (14 in
the SD and 11 in the DD group) who were matched for age, sex and paraclinical
findings. During the first year of follow-up, in those who were initially steroid
responsive, 2 patients in the SD and 6 in the DD group had no relapse. The number
of total relapses/year in the SD and DD group were 19 for 12 patients and 8 for 5
patients respectively (p<O.02).
In conclusion, daily single-dose prednisolone therapy in childhood nephrotic
syndrome can be effective for induction of remission and is tolerated well by
patients but increases the relapse rate significantly.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-953-en.pdf
Prednisolone
single daily dose
nephrotic syndrome
relapse
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
111
113
article
THE. ROUND WINDOW NICHE AND MEMBRANE IN CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
DRAGOSLAVA R. DJERIC
1
From the Institute of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
This study evaluated the histopathologic changes in the round window niche. ,
and membrane in cases of chronic suppurative otitis media. The pathologic
process was found in all subjects. Fibrocystic or fibrous tissue was most commonly
seen, while active granulation was less developed. The round window membrane
was thicker and inflamed throughout its layers. Inflammatory invasion of the inner
ear through the membrane: is very rare, because the thickened membrane has a
protective role for spreading of infection.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-952-en.pdf
Round window niche
Membrane
Chronic suppurative otitis media.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
107
110
article
EFFICACY AND SAFE TY OF LAMOTRIGINE AS A DD-ON THE RAPY IN 132 CHILDREN AND ADULT IRANIAN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT-RESISTANT EPILEPSY
AZAR FALLAH
1
From the Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
This study was initiated to evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability and
efficacy of seizure control of lamotrigine (LTG) in children and adult patients with
partial seizures (PS) with or without secondary generalized seizure. A total of 132
patients (age 5-41 years) with treatment-resistant epilepsy received LTG as addon
therapy for up to four years. Overall, patients were treated with LTG for 27 -226
weeks. The global assessment of seizure control compared to the three-month
period before starting LTG treatment indicated that seizure control was gradually
maintained during long-term LTG treatment for up to four years. The medical
history of 23 patients who had a significant decrease in the number of seizures with
LTG treatment indicated a subjective improvement in behavior, alertness, and
quality of life. All 132 patients who received LTG as add-on therapy had used 2-
4 anti-convulsive medications 2-7 years before entering this open continuation
study. Patients had 7-45 seizures per month throughout the 3 months before
entering this study. The overall decrease in the number of seizures was 58% after
patients started receiving LTG. LTG was well tolerated. The majority of adverse
effects were classified as being mild in intensity and only 5 patients (4%) were
withdrawn from the study due to adverse effects (skin rash).
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-951-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
101
105
article
HYSTEROSCOPIC METROPLASTY: REPORT OF 76 CASES
ME PARSANEZHAD
1
S ALBORZI
2
From the Departmen t of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,I.R.lran.
Congenital Mullerian abnormalities, particularly the septate uterus, may
result in recurrent abortion, premature labor and infertility. The purpose of this
study is to report the surgical and reproductive outcome in two groups of patients
who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty (HMP).
Between Aug. 1993 and March 1998,76 women underwent HMP in Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences' affiliated hospitals. They were divided into two
groups. Group one received no postoperative (post-op) additional therapy. Group
two received post-op estrogen, and an IUD was also placed to prevent post-op
endometrial adhesion. They were analyzed with respect to post-op complications
and reproductive outcome. Seven of these patients had a complete uterine septum
which extended through the cervix and to the vagina. All of the seven cervical
septums were incised with good obstetrical outcome. There were a total of 45
pregnancies during 6 months or more post-op in the two groups. Differences
between the reproductive outcome of the two groups was not statistically significant
(p=O.90066) and the general results were as follows: term delivery rate was 35
(72.7%),23 (51%) delivered vaginally, and 12 (26.5%) delivered by cesarean
section (CIS) for obstetric indications,4 (8.8%) were spontaneous abortions and
one immature delivery at 16 wks due to premature rupture of membranes (PROM).
Intraoperative and post-op morbidity was negligible. We concluded that with
HMP, septa can be incised successfully, post-op hormonal therapy and IUD
placement are not needed, the cervical septum can be incised without any post-op
complication, and a good reproductive outcome can be expected.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-950-en.pdf
Uterus
abnonnalities
management
hysteroscopic metroplasty.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
97
100
article
SHIRAZ BREAST CANCER STUDY PART II: SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY IN A OPULATIONBASED BREAST CANCER SURVEY
MM ARASTEH
1
A TALEI
2
A SADEGHI-HASSANABADI
3
S ATIARAN
4
MJ SAALABIAN
5
T KAZEROONI
6
SH TABATABAI
7
From the Departments of Radiology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
From the Departments of Surgery School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
From the Departments of Community School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
From the Departments of Pathology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
From the Departments of Radiotherapy School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
From the Departments of Community School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
The purpose of this study was to assess the detection rate of mammography in
breast cancer and the attendance rate in response to the call for screening
mammography in females before the development of symptoms. One-thousand
four-hundred and thirty-eight women over 35 years of age who had no complaint
and had normal breast examinations were called for mammography. Out of the
10,000 women under study for breast cancer, 1,438 women were randomly called
for mammography and actually 985 subjects turned up for mammography. All the
mammograms were reported by the same radiologist, and physical examination
of the breast was carefully performed by both radiologist and surgeon on any
patient suspected of having a lesion in mammography. A total of 4 malignant nonpalpable
lesions were detected in 985 screening mammograms. The prevalence of
breast malignancy is lower in our female population compared with the west and
our detection rate in subjects with no physical findings comprises 0.4%. Since
only 985 women turned up for screening mammography, the attendance rate is
calculated as 68.5%. Mammographic findings consisted of 96 cases of benignappearing
breast nodules, 194 cases of calcification, 25 intra-mammary lymph
nodes, 189 enlarged axillary nodes and 83 dense breasts. In conclusion, although
mammography is a very helpful procedure in screening for breast cancer, the
response can be low for a call for mammography and the prevalence of
malignancy of the breast has been underestimated in the past.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-949-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
93
96
article
THE EFFECT OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN THE SUPPRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
HASSAN FALLAH HUSAINI
1
MANSURI SABERAH
2
From the Institute of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, Tehran, I.R.lran
B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad 6, India
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of
antihypertensive drugs on aortic atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In
enalapril and nifedipine treated rabbits aortic atherosclerotic plaque involvement
was significantly decreased (p<0. Oland p<O. 05, respectively) as compared to the
control group. However, in hydrochlorothiazide treated rabbits aortic atherogenesis
was marginally inhibited, whereas in clonidine treated rabbits it was similar to the
control group. These results suggest that the inhibition of atherogenesis in
enalapril and nifedipine treated rabbits is independent of hypercholesterolemia
and may be relevant in the selection of antihypertensive drugs, provided their
protective effect can be demonstrated in future clinical trials as well.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-947-en.pdf
Antihypertensive drugs
Atherosclerosis
Hypercholesterolemia
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
89
91
article
CLINICAL TRIAL OF TRICLABENDAZOLE ON HUMAN FASCIOLIASIS: LONG TERM FOLLOW UP
D YADEGARI
1
H TALAIE
talaie@hotmail. com
2
J MASSOUD
3
From the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, the WHO Collaborating Center for Educational Development of Medical & Health Personnel (EDC); and the School of Public Health, Tehran Medical Sciences University, PO. Box 6446-14155, Tehran, 1R. Iran.
Following an outbreak: of human fascioliasis in Gilan province of Iran in 1989,
the benzimidazole derivative triclabendazole (TCBZ) was suggested as the drug
of choice after finding out that routine drugs were not effective. Two studies were
performed: a clinical trial (before/after type) in 1989 and a historical cohort (1989-
1995) to examine the efficacy of the drug.
TCBZ was administered to 94 patients in four groups (A, B, C and D) according
to the drug's instructions (time, size and frequency of dose). The patients were
followed up clinically and paraclinically for 60 days. The highest cure rate, i.e. ,
omission of eggs and improvement of clinical symptoms (86.6%) was observed in
Group A (5 mg/kg-NPO, 3 days). Minor epigastric pain and vomiting and some
urticaria was reported a few days after administration of the drug. Just a few
developed cholangitis and one toxic hepatitis who were all treated satisfactorily.
The second study was a 6-year follow-up survey of 50 of the 94 patients. Five cases
had epigastric pain, and eggs were detected in the stool exams of two of them.
Thus, by demonstrating up to 94% efficacy in the treatment of human fascioliasis
in Iran (p<0.002), TCBZ is recommended as the drug of choice.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-946-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1999-08
13
2
83
87
article
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ALTERATIONS IN THE LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS: ANALYSIS OF 189 CASES
GHOLAMREZA PISHDAD
1
AHMAD ALAVIAN GHAVANINI
alavianm@sums.ac.ir
2
From the Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I R. Iran.
From the Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I R. Iran.
The relation between serum osmolality, glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, arterial
pH, BUN and level of consciousness was studied in 189 patients with diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA). There was much overlap between all laboratory values
among various groups, even when there was a statistically significant difference.
To find a better predictor, we defined a new factor as serum osmolality/arterial pH.
This factor was significantly higher in drowsy and stuporous compared with alert
and drowsy patients (p=0.007 and p=0.03 respectively), but not different between
stuporous and comatose patients (p= 0.46). Again much overlap could be seen
between groups. There was at least one other problem, either as a coexisting or a
precipitating factor, in 18 (23.3%) of the alert, 24 (29.2%) of the drowsy, 11
(43.4%) of the stuporous and 4 (57.1 %) of the comatose group. We conclude that
none of these clinico-biochemical parameters can be a reliable predictor of the
level of consciousness in patients with DKA, and consideration and exclusion of
other conditions associated with altered consciousness that may occur in diabetics
should be routine.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-945-en.pdf
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Serum osmolality
Arterial pH
Level of consciousness.