eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
137
139
article
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS PRESENTING AS SCROTAL ELEPHANTI ASIS
MR RAZZAGHI
1
AR HONARMAND
2
MR RAFII
3
From the Departments of Urology . Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Islamic Republic of Iran.
From the Departments of Urology . Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Islamic Republic of Iran.
From the Departments of *Pathology. Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Islamic Republic of Iran.
Neurofibromatosis being manifested as scrotal elephantiasis is a very rare
condition and in review of the literature no such presentation was found. Here we
report a 20 year old man who presented with scrotal elephantiasis and consequently,
a pathological diagnosis of neurofibromatosis was reached.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1394-en.pdf
Scrotal mass. Neurofibromatosis. Elephantiasis
Scrotal lymphedema
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
133
135
article
NEUROGENIC TUMORS OF THE NOSE AND P OSTNASAL SPACE
MASOUD MORTAZAVI
1
From the E.N.T. Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Non-epithelial, benign extracranial neurogenic tumors of the nasal cavities are
reported in the literature with extreme rarity.
These tumors differ from the more common congenital gliomas, encephaloceles,
etc. in that they sometimes are detached from the brain tissues. These tumors have
intracranial origins. They are congenital or acquired and may involve any of the
nerves inside the nose. These tumors can grow to quite a large size and in such cases,
lateral rhinotomy is often necessary for complete excision.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1393-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
129
131
article
MULTIPLE ENCHONDROMATA: OLLIER\'S DISEASE
KH MAHLOUJI
1
From the Ali Asghar Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
This report is a brief presentation of one case of Oilier's disease. Ollier's disease
(multiple enchondromata) patients have widespread involvement of the skeleton,
especially the hands the lesions are detected because of bone pain or deformity.
Virtually all cases have been sporadic.
Roentgenographically, the lesions may be detectable in early infancy as clear,
homogeneous, oval lesions with axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bone.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1392-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
127
128
article
TUFTED HAIR FOLLICULITIS
J GOLCHAI
1
J SHAMS GILANY
2
From the Department of Dermatology, Razi hospital, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran.
A 28 year old albino man presented with a cicatricial alopecic plaque on the
vertex. The patient had multiple hairs emerging from a single dilated follicular
opening. Following inflammatory changes, new tufted hair appeared in spite of
several periods of antibiotic treatment, and the disorder followed a relapsing and
destructive course.
Tufted hair folliculitis (THF) is a relapsing localized inflammatory disease of
the scalp. Unfortunately, this situation results in cicatricial alopecia. This disease,
initially designated as "THF" by Smith and Sanderson in 1978, has been reported in
only 10 patients to date.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1391-en.pdf
Tufted folliculitis
Scalp folliculilis
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
121
125
article
ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDICAL STATISTICS
SEYYED MOHAMMAD TAGHI AYATOLLAHI
1
From tile Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
Medical statistics (biostatistics), as a vital essential part of modem life, does
raise some fundamental ethical issues. Surprisingly, this aspect seems to have been
totally ignored by books on medical ethics. This paper discusses how the statistical
aspects affect the ethics. The relation between biostatistics and medical research is
explored. All stages of a medical research exercise are vulnerable to statistical
mismanagement which might lead to misuse of patients by exposing them to
unjustified risk and inconvenience the misuse of resources including the researchers'
time, which could be better employed on more valuable activities and the consequences
of publishing misleading results, which may include carrying out unnecessary
further work. These are specific and highly undesirable outcomes. Failure to guard
against these is surely as unethical as using experimental methods that offend against
moral principles, such as failing to obtain full informed consent from subjects.
Raising statistical standards of medical researches and publications serves as a
safeguard to observe the element of ethics. This can be achieved by widespread
teaching of medical statistics at all levels, involvement of biostatisticians as active
participants of any medical researches and ethical committees. Ethical issues in
medical statistics require wider and more open debate. Those involved in medical
research need to involve the whole medical profession. lndeed, moral philosophers,
theologians, and other professional groups have an important contribution to make.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1390-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
115
119
article
THE ROLE OF RELIGION AND ETHICS IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AIDS
Itis unlikely that mankind has ever faced an epidemic as dangerous as the one
we have come to call the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS, for
short. Certainly, humanity has never given so much attention to or shown so much
fear of a disease as it does with AIDS.
AIDS is a terminal disease for which doctors have no effective cure as yet.
Infection is predominantly through sexual intercourse performed under certain
circumstances or in certain ways. Apart from this, no one knows when it first
afflicted humans, nor can anybody predict, let alone claim to know, what will
befall the human race as a result of its spread over the coming years.
The mystery surrounding this disease is made much more complicated by the
fact that, years after it was fust discovered, it became clear that its infection had
been widespread in many countries before the disease was even detected by
scientists and before the fust AIDS case was diagnosed in 1981.
Scientific sources concerned with monitoring the spread of AIDS point out
that by the year 2000, the number of cases is likely to reach 40 million, of which
30 million will be among adults and the rest among children.
The same sources say that if the spread of AIDS continues unchecked, with
no effective and accessible cure becoming available to those infected, the number
of cases is likely to reach uncontrollable proportions.
The present situation is no better than that which is being predicted for the
future. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that between 300,000 and
500,000 people will suffer symptoms of AIDS every year, i.e., between 1,000 and
1,400 cases a day.'
All this no doubt justifies the horror expressed by the concerned agencies and
institutions, as well as by ordinary people. It also justifies the interest shown by
various specialist bodies, headed by WHO, in providing information, advice and
knowledge with regard to prevention methods against this very serious disease.
With scientific and medical efforts still unable to find a vaccine or a cure that
would protect people against the AIDS epidemic and its horrors, the only way to
combat the disease is through prevention, slaving off the evil before it strikes and
keeping away from the sources of danger.
Nothing can be more helpful in this preventive effort than religious teachings
and the adoption of proper and decent behaviour, as advocated and urged by all
divine religions.
The World Health Organization, and the Eastern Mediterranean Regional
Office in particular, have conducted some experiments in this field. In the health
programmes carried out in collaboration with Member States, it has taken account
of indigenous traditions and cultures that are basically built on religious beliefs.
The effect has been tremendous, as can clearly be seen in encouraging public
reponse to these programmes.
Accordingly, WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office took the initiative
to organize a Regional Consultation on the Role of Religion and Ethics in the field
of the prevention and control of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases to
which a select group of experts in the fields of religion and medicine have been
invited.
The Consultation was held on 9 and 10 September 1991, at the Eastern
Regional Director and a larger number of directors and advisers at the Regional
Office. It was also attended by ten prominent legal and religious scholars, both
Muslim and Christian (See Annex II). A number of papers were submitted and
distributed for study and consultation. As a result, several recommendations and
conclusions were formulated (Annex I). These dealt with the importance of
religion and its role in the field of prevention of AIDS and other sexually
transmitted diseases. They also highlighted the role of religious establishments
and the media, the rights of victims and those who come in contact with them, the
effect of prevention and diagnosis procedures on human rights, early marriage, the
laws dealing with patients and infected persons, and doctors' duties.
The aim of this booklet is to introduce the role of religion and ethics in the
prevention and control of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, and to convey
a strong and direct message of warning about the risks and side effects of
misbehaviour. It also urges people to observe religious teachings and cherish
moral and ethical values that prevent individuals from getting involved in risky
relationships. Furthermore, it aims to encourage them to develop the necessary
self-control to prevent them from such dangerous practices, whose risks for human
life as a whole are not yet fully understood.
It has "become very clear that the factors and conditions leading to infection
by AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases can be avoided if people adopt
proper and decent patterns of behaviour, and if they adhere to the fundamental
teachings of religion and the moral ethos based on them, which have become the
central component of the unique culture of the people of this Region, and their
inherited traditions" .42
Finally, the Regional Office is pleased to present the reader with two
documents on this subject the fust one is the full text of the recommendations of
the Regional Consultation on the Role of Religion and Ethics in the Prevention and
Control of AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Alexandria, September
1991), and the second is "Health Promotion through Islamic Lifestyles: the
Amman Declaration" (June 1989, and the reference document attached to it.)
These two documents, which we hope will help readers learn more on the subject
of the present booklet, are included in issue number 5 of the Health Education
through Religion series.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1389-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
109
113
article
CD38 MOLECULE-A MULTILINEAGE GLYCOPROTEIN AND ITS UNIQUE EXPRESSION ON PLASMA CELLS
ABBAS A. GHADERI
1
ZAHRA AMIRGHOFRAN
2
From the Dep. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
A hybridoma clone designated 6G5 has been selected by fusion of mouse
myeloma cell line Ag. 8653 with spleen cells from mice immunized with human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The antibody produced by this clone
was found to be strongly reactive with four human B-cell lines in the conventional
immunological assays. Despite the fact that expression of most B cell-associated
markers are lost upon differentiation of B-cells to plasma cells, the expression of the
6G5 reactive molecule remains unchanged. The lack of reactivities of this MAb for
mature T-cells, and monocytic cell lines indicates that this MAb recognizes a B cell associated
marker. Western blot analysis indicated that the 6G5 MAb detected a
single band with molecular weight of 41 KDa from cell lysates of two human B-cell
lines, DAUDI and NALM6. Comparison of data obtained for 6G5 MAb with those
of the MAb known as OKTIO indicated that both MAbs may have reacted with the
same molecule.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1388-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
101
107
article
MOLECULAR STUDIES ON THE DIST RIBUTION OF β - THALASSEMIA IN IRAN: THE BASIS FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
MR NOORI-DALOII
1
N MOAZAMI
2
M IZADYAR
3
S FARHANGI
4
F BEYRAMI JAMAL
5
A ATALAY
6
LN GEREN
7
L AKAR
8
E ATALAY
9
B CIRAKOGLU
10
E BERMEK
11
From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science And Technology, Tehran
Children s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran
Queshm Island Medical Center, Queshm, Islamic Republic of Iran
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science And Technology, Tehran
the Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Torkey.
the Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Torkey.
the Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Torkey.
the Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Torkey.
the Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Torkey.
the Marmara Research Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Torkey.
By application of modern recombinant DNA technology, especially the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/dot-blot hybridization techniques, we have
investigated the molecular basis of β-thalassemia from four different regions of Iran:
central, south-east, south and north. In this study, the DNA samples were isolated
from patients and for the identification of the mutations, the 6 oligonucleotide probes
for the mutations of IVS.1/nt. 110, .lVS.1/nt.6, IVS.1/nt.1 , nonsense codon 39,
frameshift codon 8 and IVS. 2/nt.1 were selected with respect to their relative
frequency in the neighbouring country, Turkey. Four mutations accounted for76.2%
and of these, the most frequent was the nonsense codon 39 mutation, which accounts
for 60.3% of the β-thalassemia alleles tested. The remainder, in decreasing order of
frequency, wereframeshift codon 8(9.5%), lVS. 1/nt.6 (4.8%) and IVS.1/nt.11O(1.6%).
No hybridization was observed with the probes corresponding to the mutations of
rvS.I/nt I (0/ A) and rvS.2/nt.1 (0/ A). These results also revealed that the distributions
of different types of mutations were different in the four regions. This information
and the introduction to the methodology used in this study will facilitate the prenatal
diagnosis of the disease in Iran.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1387-en.pdf
β-Thalassemia
β-Globin gene mutations. Polymerase chain reaction
Molecular
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
97
100
article
VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS AS FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
GHR OMRANI
1
A FARHADl
2
A PARHlZGAR
3
S ARDEHALl
4
M HAGHSHENAS
5
From the Departments of Internal Medicine Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
From the Departments of Internal Medicine Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
From the Departments of Internal Medicine Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
From the Departments of Microbiology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
From the Departments of Internal Medicine Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Visceral leishmaniasis is the second most common cause of fever of unknown
origin in our study. This disease is not common in adults, although it's endemic
among the pediatric age group. The majority of the affected individuals were young.
High grade spiking fever, chills and splenomegaly were unique findings. Other
common findings were neutropenia, anemia, abnormal liver function tests, sterile
pyuria and microscopic hematuria. Except for I case, parasites were absent from
tissue biopsies (e.g. bone marrow, liver, lymph node). Diagnosis was suggested by
indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and confirmed by response to meglumine
antimonate (Glucantime) and decline of IFA titer on follow-up.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1386-en.pdf
F.U.O .. Leishmaniasis.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
93
95
article
SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA ANTIBODIES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN KERMAN SHAH
A ATHARI
1
S SHOJAEIAN
2
O ELIASI
3
K DELFANI
4
From the Department of Parasitology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Dept. of Gynecology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Sina Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Sina Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Sera from 495 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasma antibodies by
indirect fluorescent antibody testing (IFAT). Antibodies were positive in 32.7%.
Seropositivity was not increased significantly with age but showed a statistically
significant rise in accordance with frequency of parity, abortion and contact with
cats.
The high rate of seronegativity (67.3%) observed in pregnant women represents
a high risk group for acquiring toxoplasma infection and also congenital toxoplasmosis.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1385-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
87
91
article
VACCINES CONTAINING MYCOBACTERIUM VACCAE AND THEIR USE IN THE CHILDREN OF LEPROSY PATIENTS IN IRAN
KIUMARS GHAZI SAIDI
1
JOHN L. STANFORD
2
CYNTHIA A. STANFORD
3
YAHYA DOWLATI
4
From the Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran Universily of Medical Sciences, Tehran
'Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Pathology, University of London Medical School, London WIP 7LD
'Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Pathology, University of London Medical School, London WIP 7LD
the lranian Leprosy Organization, Tehran, lslamic Republic of Iran.
The policy of vaccinating children who live with leprosy patients, and who have
responses to leprosin A of2rnrn or less, with BCG+killed Mycobacterium vaccae if
they lack a BCG scar, or with killed M. vaccae alone if they have a BCG scar, has
been followed over 3-4 years in two centers in Iran. Judged on the basis of skin test
conversion to leprosin positivity, the policy has been highly successful. A way in
which the vaccines may work is discussed, and supported by differences in apparent
efficacy between the two study centers.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1384-en.pdf
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
81
85
article
THE EFFICIENCY OF A MALARIA SCREENING PROGRAM AMONG AFGHAN REFUGEES IN KERMAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
HOSSEIN KESHAVARZ-VALIAN
1
MOHSEN JANGHORBANI
2
From the Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Evaluation of a malaria screening program was carried out in two screened
Afghan refugee camps in Bardsir and Rafsanjan and compared to non-screened
Afghan refugees within Kerman, as well as refugees with malaria diagnosed by
Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Laboratories in Kennan and Rafsanjan, by
parasitological blood examinations. The study involved 456 residents of two refugee
camps and random samples of 512 refugees in the Kerman Bus Tenninal and 1300
persons referred to Kerman and Rafsanjan CDC laboratories, aged from 1 to 70 years.
Malaria was found in 403 (l7.H%) of the persons examined. Plasmodium vivax
was identified in XS.I %, Plasmodiumfalciparum in 13.6% and mixed infection due
to both of these species was found in 1.3% of the cases. The prevalence of parasitemia
in screened camps was 4 times lower than non-screened active cases detected.
A comparison of age-specific rates of malaria in screened and non-screened
Afghan refugees indicated that screening programs are highly effective. The Afghan
refugees bring high infection loads with them from outside and cause an out break
of the infection, particularly in areas of [ran where malaria is under control.
Therefore, malaria control in Afghan refugees in Iran should be primarily based on
curative as well as preventive measures.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1383-en.pdf
Malaria
screening. Afghan refugees
Iran.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
75
80
article
SALVAGE CHEMO THERAPY WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, DOXORUBICIN, AND CISPLATIN (CAP) IN ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
TALEB AZARM
1
From the Division of Hematology /Medical Oncology. Seyyed-al Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Twenty-one patients with advanced breast cancer (7 premenopausal and 14
postmenopausal women) were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide,
doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP). The median age of the patients was 43 years (range
36-61). This therapy was repeated every 3 weeks. Nine patients (group 1) received
CAP as primary therapy for metastatic breast cancer, and twelve patients (group 2)
received CAP as a second-line therapeutic agent. Of the 12 (57%) patients who
responded, six (29%) had complete response (CR). The median disease-free survival
(DFS) was 8 months. The response rate was highest for metastases in the pleura
(83%) and lymph nodes (81 %), followed by skin (64%), liver and breast (55%). The
overall response rate was higher in previously untreated patients than in those
previously treated (89% versus 33%, p<O.O I). Complete response rates of 44% and
17%, and median DFS of 10.5 and 3 months respectively, were observed in the two
groups of patients. The therapy was well tolerated, myelosuppression being the doselimiting
toxicity. The most frequent nonhematological toxicities were nausea,
vomiting (100%), mucositis and stomatitis (38%), but these were rarely severe. Total
alopecia occurred in only two patients. There were no toxic deaths or cardiotoxicity.
Severe anemia occurred more frequently in group 2 patients. The present study
suggests a role for CAP combination chemotherapy in the management of advanced
breast cancer.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1382-en.pdf
Breast cancer
combination chemotherapy
CAP regimen.
eng
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
1016-1430
2251-6840
1994-08
8
2
71
74
article
COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN IRAN
M FARHADI
1
A DANESHI
2
H IMAMJOMEH
3
From the EN.T. DeptRasuI Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of lran.
From the EN.T. Dept RasuI Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of lran.
Dept. of Audiology, RasuI Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of lran.
Cochlear implantation has become an increasingly common procedure in the
rehabilitation of selected cases of profound deafness.' Patients should have profound
total bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Sound is transformed into small electric
currents which stimulate the auditory nerves in the cochlea and generate the hearing
sensation.
The nucleus cochlear implant is the result of more than 20 years of research and
development and has been used in more than 9000 patients worldwide to date.'
After two years of research in order to provide the cochlear implant in the Farsi
(Persian) language, three out of 54 post lingual totally deaf patients up to now have
undergone the cochlear implant operation with a 22-channel mini-system through
a Lehnhardt incision, mastoidectomy, facial recess, and cochleostomy
procedure.3-4
One month following the implant, these patients were undergoing speech
education and auditory training by using innovative rehabilitation techniques for
deaf people in the Persian language. This report deals with presenting three cases
implanted by a cochlear implantation team in [ran and the results of rehabilitation
following implant.
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1381-en.pdf