@article{ author = {ZANDIEH, T and FARHADI, M and SHAHR-ABADI, M and LOTFI, H}, title = {THE ROLE OF VARIOUS STABILIZERS IN THE ACQUISITION OF THERMO-TOLER ANCE IN FACTOR VIII ACTIVITY}, abstract ={We prepared a highly purified and relatively heat stable form of factor VIII which contained 25 units per mL (u/mL) activity using PEG-4000 and developed an effective and new manufacturing process. Heat treatment was performed at 80°C for 72 hrs in the presence of different stabilizers. In our studies, we used different organic solvents as preservatives to maintain factor VIII activity, since few enzymes have been observed to function perfectly well in such conditions. Our results show that the activity of factor VIII in the presence of organic solvent at 80°C for 72 hrs as viral inactivation is significantly decreased. It seems that irreversible aggregation of protein is the major mechanism in cessation of factor VIII activity. On the other hand, protein stability may be increased by certain low molecular weight substances. We therefore used different sugars and amino-acids to protect factor VIII activity in the process of heat treatment. Our results showed that glycine, glucose, saccharose, mannitol and BSA were not effective stabilizers of factor VIII. But the loss of factor VIII activity at 80°C for 72 hrs, in the presence of 10, 15 and 20% concentrations of trehalose, was about 15-20%, which is acceptable for large-scale processes. Thus, the condition obtained in the present study seems to be a more suitable condition than that reported previously.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {393-397}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-994-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-994-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {HAJIA, M and STOREY, C.C}, title = {SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF CHLAMYDIA PNEUlvlONIAE AND MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE BY PCR}, abstract ={Both C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae are common causes of respiratory tract infection. At present, both are still diagnosed in the laboratory retrospectively by serology. This is despite many publications which indicate that PCR, which is not retrospective, is extremely good at detecting these organisms. We thought that a single PCR test which could detect both organisms simultaneously in a routine diagnostic laboratory would be more economic than using two separate PCR tests. Chlamydia PCR was developed and optimized to detect C. pneumoniae using primer CpnA and CpnB which targets the MOMP gene. This test was very sensitive and could detect 10 organisms. To detect M. pneumoniae, the tu!PCR reported by Luneberg6 was selected. After optimization of the duplex test, it was found that the sensitivity of the test for mycoplasma PCR was 100 times less than the sensitivity of the single tests, due to the inhibitory role of C. pneumoniae primer CpnB. Reducing the concentration of this primer helped but we decided to redesign it instead. The final form of the duplex has sufficient sensitivity, detecting 10 copies of each organism. The new primer CpnB2 was a great improvement. The test was then developed to detect the product by hybridization rather than analysis with agarose gel electrophoresis.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {387-391}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-993-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-993-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {HOSSEINZADEH, H and SHOOSHTARI, ME}, title = {ANTINOCICEPTIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN ADENOSINE AND CARBAMAZEPINE IN MICE}, abstract ={There are several reports that adenosine and carbamazepine have pharmacodynamic interaction. I n this study the antinociceptive interaction o f these two agents was evaluated in mice by the hot plate test. Agents were injected intraperitoneally. 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg doses of R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) substantially showed antinociceptive effects. Carbamazepine had antinociceptive actions except at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg. Theophylline (12.5 mg/kg), as a non-selective antagonist of adenosine receptors, showed a nociceptive effect. Dipyridamole, an uptake blocker of adenosine, had no antinociceptive effect even with a dosage of 90 mg!k:g. Theophylline did not decrease the antinociceptive effect of carbamazepine, while dipyridamole increased the antinociceptive effect of carbamazepine 30 min utes after administration. Carbamazepine (8 mg/kg) inhibited the antinociceptive effect of RPIA. This study supports the possibility that the interaction between adenosine and carbamazepine may be related to their actions at adenosine receptor sites in the brain.}, Keywords = {Adenosine, R-PIA, Carbamazepine, Theophylline, Dipyridamole, Antinociceptive.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {381-386}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-992-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-992-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {DEHGHANI, GHOLAM A.}, title = {EFFECTS OF HYPOXIC HYPOXIA AND CARBON MONOXIDE-INDUCED HYPOXIA ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW OF THE ANESTHETIZED CAT}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential responses of the cardiovascular system and regional blood flow to hypoxic hypoxia (BB) and to carbon monoxide (CO)-induced hypoxia (COH). Ten anesthetized cats were studied under two nonnoxic (control: CONT) and two hypoxic conditions. Four types of radioactive micro spheres were used to measure regional blood flow during CONT and two hypoxic conditions. During CONT the animal was ventilated with 22% 02' 5% CO2 and N2 (room air). HH was induced by ventilating the cat for 15 min with 6-8% O2, and COH by adding 0.1 % CO to room air and reducing blood oxygen content to the same level as HH. Cardiac output and contractility significantly increased (pO.05). Gastric blood flow (14±2 CONT) only increased during HH (22±4) but splenic blood flow (119±2 CONT) decreased with both HH (40±9) and COH (37±9). Regional blood flow of other segments measured showed a mixed response to HH and COH. In conclusion, it seems that: 1) systemic hypoxia would stimulate the heart to increase its output to maintain Pa and overcome the increased demand of some organs, and 2) the different responses of regional vascular beds to HH and COH may be due to various sensitivities of each organ to arterial blood oxygen tension and autonomic neuro-hormonal controls that have originated from stimulations of aortic and carotid chemoreceptors.}, Keywords = {Systemic hypoxia; arterial chemoreceptors; cardiovascular system; regional blood flow.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {371-376}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-990-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-990-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {REZAYAT, M and HOSSEINI, H and AKHONDIAN, J and VAHDATI, N and ZARRINDAST, MS}, title = {INFLUENCE OF CCK RECEPTOR AGONIST AND ANTAGONISTS ON TOLERANCE INDUCED TO ANTIPENTYLENETETRAZOL ACTIVITY OF DIAZEPAM}, abstract ={In the present study, the effects of caerulein and CCK receptor antagonist< on tolerance to the anti-pentylenetetrazol activity of diazepam has been studied. Different doses of diazepam (20, 30, 35, 40 and 50 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for a period of 6 days in order to induce tolerance to diazepam. 48 h after the last dose of diazepam, a test dose of diazepam was tested for antipentylenetetrazol activity. When animals were treated with caerulein or the CCK receptor antagonists MK -329 and L-365,260, only L-365,260 reversed the tolerance to diazepam. It may be concluded that CCK-B receptor mechanisms may interact with tolerance induced by diazepam.}, Keywords = {CCK agents, diazepam, pentylenetetrazol anticonvulsion test, mice.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {365-369}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-989-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-989-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {RAFIEIAN-KOPAEI, M and SEWELL, R.D.E}, title = {INVOLVEMENT OF THE SEROTONIN SYSTEM IN SSRI-INDUCED ANTINOCICEPTION}, abstract ={Serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) may induce antinociception however, the mechanism of this effect is not clear. SSRls increase 5-HT levels in neuronal synapses and facilitate serotonergic activity. In this study, therefore, the activity of para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), which reduces 5-HT release, and 5- hydroxy tryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor of 5-HT, were examined on the antinociceptive activity of six SSRls, in the abdominal constriction test. The compounds studied included fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram and zimelidine. The effects of pCPA and 5-HTP were also evaluated on morphine analgesia as a standard compound. All antidepressants tested demonstrated dose-inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. The antinociceptive activities of morphine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline, but not paroxetine, citalopram and zimelidine were significantly reduced by pCPA. Subsequently, 5- HTP restored the reduced antinociception of morphine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine caused by pCP A. Furthermore, 5-HTP increased morphine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline-induced antinociception. Opioid receptor antagonists have been shown to reduce the antinociception induced by morphine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline but not by paroxetine, citalopram and zimelidine. It can be concluded, therefore, that the serotonin system is only involved in antinociception produced by antidepressants, and their antinociception is opioid antagonist reversible.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {359-364}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-988-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-988-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {OLOOMI, MANA and BOUZARI, SAEID and RECHINSKY, VLADIMIR O}, title = {PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CLONED HUMAN GM-CSF GENE EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA COLI}, abstract ={The human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor (hGM-CSF) gene was cloned in the pET 23a( +) expression vector under the control of strong bacteriophage T7 transcription and translation signals. The hGM-CSF gene was transferred into E. coli strainBL21 (DE3)pLysS andIPTG was used for induction of GM-CSF gene. Production of the target protein was obtained as revealed by ELISA and Western blot analysis. The produced 'h:GM-CSF was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. The dot blot positive fractions were assayed for biological activity and it was shown that the expressed GM-CSF is active.}, Keywords = {Human GM-CSF, Gene Expression, Purification, E. coli.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {353-357}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-987-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-987-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {BOSKABADY, MH and TALEBI, M}, title = {BRONCHODILATORY AND ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS OF CARUM CARVI ON ISOLATED GUINEA PIG TRACHEAL CHAINS}, abstract ={Carum carvi (CC) is a grassy plant which is believed to have several therapeutic effects, including anti-asthmatic properties. We have therefore studied the bronchodilatory and anticholinergic effects of this plant. The bronchodilatory effects of the aqueous extract (AE), macerated extract (ME), essential oil (EO), and 4µM theophylline (T) in comparison with saline (S) were examined by their relaxant effects on precontracted [by 10 µM methacholine (M)] isolated tracheal chains of guinea pigs (n=1O). The anticholinergic effects of AE, ME, EO, and 5 nM atropine (A) were tested by comparing the cumulative Log concentration-response curves (LCRCs) of Minduced contraction of tracheal chains and the effective concentration of M causing 50% of maximum response (EC50) in the presence of AE, ME, EO, and A with that of S. Although the bronchodilatory effects of AE, ME, and EO were lower than that Of T (p<0.001 for all cases), they were significantly higher than the effect of S (p< 0.05 for AE, p<0.01 for ME, and p<0.005 for EO). There were also clear nonparallel right-ward shifts in LCRCs obtained in the presence of AE, ME, and EO, but a parallel shift in the presence of A compared to the curve obtained in the presence of S. The slope of LCRCs obtained in the presence of AE, ME, and EO were significantly lower than that of S (p<O.OI for AE, p<0.05 for ME, and p<0.001 for EO). The ECso obtained in the presence of AE (p<0.005), ME (p=O.005), EO (p<0.02), and A (p<0.001) were significantly higher than that of S. However, the EC50 values obtained in the presence of AE, ME, EO and dose ratio (DR-I) produced by ME were not significantly different from that of A. The LCRCs obtained in the presence of EO on incubated tracheal chains with 1µM propranolol and 1 µM chlorpheniramine also showed a clear non-parallel rightward shift comparing with that of S. However, the slope of this curve was significantly higher than that of non-incubated experiments (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the bronchodilatory effect of Carum carvi is mainly due to the non-competitive antagonistic property of this plant at muscarinic receptors. The β stimulatory effect and/or anti-histaminic effect of EO might be contributed to its non-competitive property. The variation between anticholinergic behaviours of different extracts is probably due to the variation of methods used, leading to extraction of different substances or destruction of some substances due to high temperature.}, Keywords = {Carum carvi, bronchodilatory, anticholinergic, guinea pig.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {345-351}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-986-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-986-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {FARBOUD, ES and ADRANGUI, M}, title = {EFFEC T OF AZELAIC ACID ON SEBUM EXCRETION RATE: A C OMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN TWO SAMPLING TECHNIQUES}, abstract ={In this study the influence of azelaic acid (AZA) 20% cream on the sebum excretion rate (SER) of 80 volunteers having mild to moderate acne vulgaris was demonstrated. Absorbent paper and Sebutape were used to collect the sebum and quantification was carried out by direct gravimetric method. It was shown that topical application of AZA creams could reduce the SER and number of acneic lesions as well as the grade of acne. Sebutape has the advantage of simplicity and reproducibility and direct weighing of Sebutape is preferred to the classic scoring method. A near correlation was observed between the two sampling methods, i.e., absorbent paper and Sebutape.}, Keywords = {Azelaic acid, Sebum excretion rate, Acne, Sebutape}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {339-343}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-985-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-985-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {SAYYAH, M and POURGHOLAMI, MH}, title = {LACK OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR PROGESTERONE AND ALLOPREGNANOLONE IN MALE AMYGDALA-KINDLED RATS}, abstract ={The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone(3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnane-20-one)on the amygdala kindling model of seizures was studied in male rats. Neither progesterone (10, 50, 200 􀁏g/rat) nor allopregnanolone (12.5, 50, 100 µg/rat) had any effect on seizure parameters at 5, 15 and 30 min. after administration. Although previous studies imply the anticonvulsanteffect of progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone against seizures induced by GABAA receptor antagonists, the present data do not support the anticonvulsant activity of these two steroids in amygdala-kindled seizures.}, Keywords = {Seizure, Progesterone, Allopregnanolone, Amygdala-kindled rats.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {337-380}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-991-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-991-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {TORABI-NEZHAD, SIMIN and KHERADMAND, PARVIN}, title = {DIFFEREN TIATION BETWEEN PROSTATIC\' C A RCINOMA A ND BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA BY AgNOR STAINING}, abstract ={Thirty cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 30 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were selected and stained by AgNOR (argyrophilic staining of the nucleolar organizer region) method. Specimens were obtained by either prostatectomy (open!TIJR) or needle biopsy of the prostate. In this study, the sections of prostatic adenocarcinoma were reviewed. 6 cases were diagnosed as well-differentiated, 12 cases as moderately-differentiated and 12 cases as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The method of AgNOR staining was applied to see if it would be useful in the distinction between benign and malignant lesions. In benign lesions, the mean number of AgNOR count was 2.5 and in malignant specimens was 7.4. Prostatic hyperplasia (benign) specimens showed two or three well-defined NORs, but in malignant tumors, there were many irregular small NORs. AgNOR stain can be used for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions of the prostate, but this stain should not be used as a reliable index for grading prostatic adenocarcinoma, because overlapping was seen in some cases.}, Keywords = {AgNOR staining, Prostatic carcinoma, Benign prostatic hyperplasia}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {333-338}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-984-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-984-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {ZAREMEHRJARDI, ALI and MASSOUMIAN, MEHDI}, title = {DISCRIMINATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA FROM CIRRHOTIC NODULES BY AgNOR STAIN}, abstract ={Discrimination of regenerative cirrhotic nodules of the liver (CN) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sometimes difficult. We examined the utility of AgNOR staining in this context. Fifteen cases of HCC and 25 cases of CN were stained by AgNOR method and the mean AgNOR number for one hundred nuclei in each case was determined. There was a significant difference between the mean AgNOR counts in CN (6.63±4.00) and HCC (11.36±2.88) (p<0.0005). Discriminant analysis showed that all HCC cases and over 90% of CN could be correctly distinguished by this method. It seems that AgNOR staining is an accurate and readily available tool for differentiating CN from HCC.}, Keywords = {Cirrhosis, Cirrhotic nodule, Hepatocellular carcinoma, AgNOR.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {329-331}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-983-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-983-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {ORAII, SAEED and MALEKI, MAJID and MINOOIl, MEHRNOOSH and KAFAII, PARIVASH and EFTEKHARZADEH, MAHMOOD}, title = {DI AGNOSTIC VAL UE OF SUBL INGUAL NITROGLYCERIN TILT TEST: COMPARISON WITH THE STANDARD ISOPROTERENOL TILT TEST}, abstract ={Sublingual nitroglycerin (TNG) has been introduced as a promising provocative agent for tilt table testing, but it has not been compared directly with the standard isoproterenol (ISO) infusion test previously. We tried to assess the diagnostic value and safety of TNG tilt testing as compared with ISO infusion in patients with unexplained syncope. TNG and ISO tilt tests were performed in two successive days on a random basis for both cases and controls. 65 consecutive patients with unexplained syncope after thorough work-up and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Positive responses were observed in 20 patients (31 %) during the passive phase, 25 (55% of cases or 38% of total) during the TNG phase and 26 (58% or40% of total) during the ISO phase. In the control group, positive responses during the passive, TNG and ISO phases occurred in 1,1 and 2 cases, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests can be summarized as 69% and 90% respectively for the TNG test versus 71 % and 85% respectively for the ISO test. Owing to discordant responses in 75% of the cases, the sequential use of the tests (if one is negative) would increase the sensitivity to 89% while decreasing the specificity slightly (to 80%). Side effects were also less frequent with TNG. We conclude that sublingual TNG testing is an effective and safe alternative to the ISO infusion test and can be used as a complementary test.}, Keywords = {Syncope, Tilt table test, Isoproterenol, Nitroglycerin.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {325-328}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-982-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-982-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {AHMADI, K and ESLAMI, MB}, title = {ANTI-TETANUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES IN WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE}, abstract ={Neonatal tetanus (NT) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in many parts of the world. Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease and is second only to measles worldwide as a cause of childhood mortality. In this study the various irnrnunoglobulin classes of anti-tetanus antibody in the sera of 105 Iranian women of childbearing age (13-45 years) were titrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrate that the majority of women (96.29%) had protective anti-tetanus toxoid antibody. All women were negative for 19E. 92.39%, 91.43% and 80.96% of women were found to be positive for IgG, IgA and IgM, respectively. Therefore, with respect to lack of protective anti-tetanus antibody in a minority of women, our results suggest that this group might be at risk of tetanus disease and if they get pregnant, need to be vaccinated against tetanus in order to produce sufficient Ab for their own protection and to provide their fetuses with anti-tetanus antibody.}, Keywords = {Antibody, tetanus, mother, fetus.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {319-323}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-981-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-981-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {AZHARI, SHIRZAD and SAFDARI, HOSEIN and SHABEHPOOR, MASSOUD and NAYEBAGHAIE, HOSEIN and AMIRI, ZOHREH}, title = {TRA UMATIC ACUTE SUBDURAL HEMATOMA: ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFECTING OUTCOME IN COMATOSE PATIENTS}, abstract ={To determine the factors affecting the outcome of patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma, we reviewed the records of7 4 consecutive comatose patients with a Glascow coma scale Score (GCS) of less than 8 who had been admitted to Imam Hosein Medical Center from 1990 to 1996 and had undergone a uniform treatment protocol. The overall mortality rate was 73% and 23% had functional recovery, but 4% were severely disabled or vegetative. The following variables had a statistically significant correlation with poor outcome: age over 65 years (p<0.05), preoperative GCS of 3 or 4 (p<0.05), bilateral absent pupillary light reflexes (p<0.05), and immediate and sustained coma from the moment of injury to operation without any lucid interval (p<0.00l). The time interval between injury and operation, sex, mechanism of injury, and associated craniocerebral injuries were not significantly correlated with outcome. In patients with immediate post-traumatic unconsciousness, the extent of primary brain injury is the crucial factor to predict the outcome. However, in patients with a lucid interval, the mass effect of hematoma seems to be more important, therefore prompt surgical decompression in addition to management of secondary brain insults improves the outcome remarkably.}, Keywords = {Acute subdural hematoma, GCS, lucid interval, outcome}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {313-318}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-980-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-980-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {A. REZAEI, A}, title = {THE VALUE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTS IN PREDICTING PREGNANCY OUTCOME}, abstract ={In addition to ultrasonographic monitoring of folliculogenesis, urinary luteinizing hormone testing, luteal phase endometrial biopsy, serum antiphospholipid antibodies, etc., immunologic tests are recently being used to evaluate reproductive disorders. In this study, sharing of HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens and the presence of antipaternal cytotoxic antibody (APCA) was assessed using microcytotoxicity method. Subjects of the study were 103 infertile couples, 47 fertile couples with 2-3 children and 123 couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). The results showed that the presence of antipatemal cytotoxic antibody is associated with fertility rather than infertility (p<0.0001), but sharing of HLA antigens failed to show any significant difference between infertile and fertile couples or couples who experienced spontaneous abortions compared with normal couples. Therefore it appears that HLA antigen sharing is not associated with pregnancy outcome and other antigen(s) may be involved in this process. Assessment of APCA could be useful in predicting the pregnancy outcome.}, Keywords = {APCA; HLA-antigen; RSA; fertile.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {309-312}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-979-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-979-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {SHARIFIDOLOUI, D}, title = {HEATER PROBE THERMOCOAGULATION A S A SUBSTITUTE FOR SURGICAL INTERVENTION TO ARREST MASSIVE PEPTIC ULCER BLEEDING: A CONTROLLED, PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 42 CASES}, abstract ={The goal of this study was to compare the effect of heater probe thermocoagulation for massive bleeding of peptic ulcers with a control group. Between March 1992 and August 1995 we used heater probe thermocoagulation endoscopically to treat 42 patients with active UGl bleeding or nonbleeding visible vessels at the base of ulcer craters within 2-3 hours of admission. We also selected 42 patients with active bleeding or non bleeding visible vessels who did not receive any endoscopic treatment but were instead treated conservatively as the control group. The energy applied to each of our patients in the heater probe group was 105±22.5 J (mean±SD). Rebleeding occurred within 2-5 days in 2 patients (4.7%) in the heater pro be group versus 9 patients (21.4 % ) in the control group (p= 0.05). Mean duration of admission in the heater probe group was 4.3±3.1 days versus 6.9±3.8 days in the control group which was comparable (p= 0.0027). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning transfusion requirement and mortality. Heater probe therapy was tolerated by the patients very well and no complications occurred. Heater probe thermocoagulation is an effective, safe and economical procedure for treating peptic ulcer bleeding.}, Keywords = {Peptic ulcer, Bleeding, Heater probe treatment.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {303-307}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-978-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-978-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {MOJTAHEDZADEH, MOJTABA and MOHAGHEGHI, ABBAS and RASTEGARPANAH, MANSOOR}, title = {SERIOUS ARRHYTHMIA INDUCED BY TERFENADINE-ERYTHROMYCIN INTERACTIONS}, abstract ={Since the introduction of our local manufacturing of terfenadine, we have observed and expressed our concern about a small but increasing number of serious ventricular arrhythmias associated with the use of this non sedating antihistamine. In January 1997 a case of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia was detected in a previously healthy woman taking terfenadine with erythromycin. Electrocardiography revealed QT interval prolongation and QRS widening. One hour after emergency room admission, her arrhythmia degenerated to ventricular fibrillation and she died of cardiac arrest. Episodes of torsade de pointes are most likely the result of the quinidine-like action of terfenadine. Dosage restriction and awareness of the clinical conditions and drug interactions capable of inhibiting the metabolism of terfenadine are essential for prevention of this serious reaction.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {299-301}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1011-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1011-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {MALEKHOSSEINI, SA and NEZAKATGOO, N}, title = {CONGENITAL BRONCHO-ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={Congenital broncho-esophageal fistula (BEF) is a rare anomaly usually detected in adulthood. In one of the latest reviews of this anomaly, no more than 150 cases were found in the world literature. We report our experience with a 49 year old male patient referring with a classic presentation of chronic cough and choking episodes upon liquid intake. Broncho-esophageal fistula was confirmed by an esophagogram and the congenital nature of the fistula was established by the pathologic report notifying the presence of squamous cell lining of the fistula tract. We conclude that the esophagus should be investigated more frequently when patients have respiratory complaints at their initial presentation, since pulmonary symptoms may indirectly reflect esophageal disease.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {295-298}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {HEIDARPOUR, A and BAGHERI, K and AZARSINA, H and BORDBAR, A and FATEH, N}, title = {COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF 5 PERCENT HYPERTONIC SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION AND 0.9 PERCENT SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION ON LEFT VENTRICUL AR CONTRACTION}, abstract ={Hypertonic saline solution can absorb part of the intracellular fluid volume into the extracellular space. The effects of this solution on the cardiovascular system are increased coronary flow and increased left ventricular contraction, without sympathetic system activation. This study was designed to assess the effects of hypertonic saline solution in open heart surgery and to compare it with normal saline solution. In a case control double-blind study, 46 patients (two groups of23 patients each) were selected and treated with 2 different methods after open heart surgery. The first group (case) received 5% hypertonic saline solution and the second group (control) received 0.9 percent saline. Physical exam findings, left ventricular pressure and urinary output were measured to compare the two groups. 2, 3, 5, 10 and 30 minutes after the injection of the solution, the indicators of the study were measured. Left ventricular pressure and pulse rate were decreased and mean arterial pressure was increased in the case group. Urinary output in the case group was more than the control. It therefore seems that hypertonic saline solution can increase cardiac contractility without increasing sympathetic activity, and thus has positive inotropic effects. This solution seems more useful regarding it's therapeutic effects in open heart surgery.}, Keywords = {Hypertonic solution, Left ventricular pressure, Open heart surgery}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {291-293}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1009-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1009-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {AZARNOOSH, M and ZEINALI, S and TABATABAEI, SM and ZIAEE, A}, title = {RT-PCR MEDIATED CLONING OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE GENE AND I TS EXPRESSION IN E. coli}, abstract ={Human growth hormone (hGH) genomic sequence containing 5 exons and 4 introns was cloned in pcDNA-3 and the constructed plasmid was subsequently used for transfection ofNlli-3T3 cell line using lipofection technique. Expression of hGH in stably transfected cells was assayed using ELISA. Total RNA was extracted from transfected cells and hGH cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR using specific primers. The product thus obtained was cloned in pGEM-T vector and the presence of the growth hormone coding region was verified by restriction enzyme analysis and Southern blotting. The hGH cDNA fragment was cloned in pQE-30 and the expression of hGH gene in E. coli was assayed using ELISA and immunoblotting. In this experiment 20.9 µg/mL purified rhGH was obtained.}, Keywords = {Human growth hormone, RT-PCR.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {285-290}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1008-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1008-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {JALALI, MEHDI and FAZEL, ALIREZA}, title = {HYPERVITAMINOSIS A-INDUCED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEFECTS}, abstract ={In this investigation the effects of excess vitamin A administration during the early embryonic period were studied. Intramuscular injection of a single dose of 15000,20000 or 25000 IU/kg vitamin A to pregnant Balb/c strain mice on either day 7,8,9 or 10 of gestation (vaginal plug= day 0 of gestation) produced major malformations in the central nervous system (CNS) including exencephaly, hydrocephalus, microcephalia, spina bifid a and myelocystocele and also a few other defects such as limb malformations. The incidence and severity of these malformations was positively correlated with the dosage and time of exposure. Among experimental groups, the most effective dose of vitamin A which produced a high incidence of CNS defects was 25000 IU/kg injected on day 8 of gestation (35%) compared to the control group (0%). Histological studies on 18 day old experimental fetuses revealed spina bifid a with and/or without spinal cord defect. These studies showed excessive embryonic cell death localized in the neural tube region following vitamin A exposure. In conclusion, excess vitamin A exposure in the early days and critical periods of development may interfere with certain developmental phenomena, resulting in various detectable CNS defects among newborn infants.}, Keywords = {Vitamin A, neural tube defect, neurolation.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {279-283}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1007-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1007-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {TABATABAIEYAZDI, M and KHALEGHPARAST, S and NAYEBPOUR, SM}, title = {PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION O F PEROXIDASES FROM CULTIVATED RAPHANUS SATIVUS L. VAR. CICIL}, abstract ={Two peroxidases (EC. 1.11.1.7), POD I and POD II were purified from the roots of cultivatedRaphanus sativus L. Var. Cicil by one step ion-exchange chromatography after fractionation by acetone. The molecular weight of these enzymes were 43000 and 41000 Daltons and RZ 1.2 and 2.0 for POD I and POD II, respectively. Both enzymes consisted of a single polypeptide chain on SDS-PAGE. The maximum activity of POD I was observed at pH 4.6 and 30°C and for POD II, at pH 6.5 and 60°C. The Km value of POD I for H202 was 7.26 mM and for POD II, 2 mM toward o-dianisidin. Both isoenzymes were stable for 48 hours in temperatures up to 40°C and stable in pH 4-8 for 3 hours.}, Keywords = {Peroxidase, Horseradish, Purification, Characterization.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {273-277}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1006-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1006-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {BOSKABADY, MH and HARATI, M}, title = {INCREASED HISTAMINE Hi RECEPTOR BLOCKADE BY CHLORPHENIRAMINE IN TRACHEAL CHAINS OF ASTHMATIC GUINEA PIGS}, abstract ={Receptor affinity and drug delivery to the receptor sites could be determinant factors for the increased bronchial responsiveness seen in asthma. Competitive antagonism blockade which is measured as dose ratio-l (DR-I) depends only on these two factors. Therefore, in this study we have examined histamine HI blockade by chlorpheniramine on isolated tracheal chains of asthmatic compared to control guinea pigs. An experimental model of asthma was induced in guinea pigs by injection and inhalation of ovalbumin (OA), and tracheal chains of asthmatic and control animals (for each group n= 12) were prepared. The responses of tracheal chains to cumulative concentrations of histamine (H) in the absence and presence of 5 nM chlorpheniramine was measured, and the effective concentration of H causing 50% of maximum response (ECso H) was obtained. The chlorpheniramine blockade (DR-I) was calculated by (post chlorpheniramine EC50H/EC50 H)-1. The response of tracheal chains to 0.1 % OA relative to the contraction obtained by 10 mM methacholine was also measured. The tracheal response of asthmatic guinea pigs to OA was significantly higher than that of control animals (mean ± SEM, 57.03±4.99 VS. 3.92±1 .14, p<O.OO l ). Histamine HI receptor blockade by chlorpheniramine (DR-I) was also significantly higher in tracheas of asthmatic compared to control animals (1 7 .34±3.8 9vs. 4.1I±I.08, p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between (DR-I) and tracheal responses to OA (r= 0.51 ,p<0.05). This enhanced histamine HI receptor blockade in tracheal chains of asthmatic animals confirms our previous findings which was predicted to be due to increased drug delivery to the receptor. Drug delivery could also be a determinant factor for bronchial responsiveness to most stimulating agents in asthma.}, Keywords = {Histamine HI receptors, chlorpheniramine blockade, asthma, bronchial responsiveness}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {265-271}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1005-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1005-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {MALAKANEH, M and RASAEE, MJ and MADANI, K and POURFATHOLLAH, AA}, title = {ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY OF NEOPTERIN USING PENICILLINASE AS LABEL}, abstract ={An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for neopterin using penicillinase as marker enzyme is reported here by polyclonal antibodies against neopterin conjugated to bovine serum albumin which were raised in rabbits. Immunoglobulin fractions were purified and coated on wells of microtiter plates. A chain heterology was introduced in neopterin derivative and conjugated to penicillinase. The assay is completed within 4 hr. The limit of detection was 10 pg of neopterin with a sensitivity range between 15-10000 pg. A low level of cross-reactivity with other pteridines was noted (biopterin <0.05%, pteroic acid <0.05%, and pterin <5%). The sensitivity and selectivity observed in the assay may be attributable to the selection of penicillinase as the enzyme marker and the element of conformation (heterology between the antigen-linked and enzyme-conjugated hapten).}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {259-264}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1004-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1004-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {ANDALIB, AR and LAWRY, J and BURNS, BJ and MURRAY, AK and HERLYN, M and REES, RC}, title = {CYTOKINE AND GROWTH FACTOR MODULATION OF CELL CYCLE EVENTS IN HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINES}, abstract ={Cytokines influence cell cycle events, which in some but not all instances can be associated with melanoma progression. Analysis of the G0/G 1 and S phase fractions of the cell cycle was used to assay the proliferative or inhibitory activity of cytokines against ten human melanoma cell lines, including pairs of cell lines derived from primary and metastatic tissue of individual patients. Cytokines and growth factors were generally capable of inducing either a proliferative or an inhibitory effect, depending upon the melanoma cell line tested. Distinct differences in responsiveness between the primary and metastatic partners of related pairs of melanoma cell lines was observed for IL-l β, IL-6, TNFα, TGFβ2, IFNα, IFNyand IGF-2. This data is complementary to previous works1.2 showing IL-6 and TGFβ2 to be inhibitory to.cell lines derived from early, but not advanced-stage melanomas. These alterations in cell cycle events were coincidental with a reduced expression of lCAM-1 and/or MHC antigen expression in response to some of these cytokines.}, Keywords = {Primary and metastatic melanoma, cytokine, cell cycle, proliferative and inhibitory effect, flow cytometry.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {249-257}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1003-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1003-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {VAHABZADEH, A and FILLENZ, M}, title = {THE EFFECT OF BENZODIA ZEPINES ON THE STRESS-INDUCED RESPONSES OF THE NORA DRENERGIC A ND SEROTONERGIC PROJECTIONS TO THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS}, abstract ={Microdialysis was used to measure the effect of benzodiazepines (BDZs) on basal levels and on stress-induced increases of 5 -hydroxytryptamine (5 -HT), 5 - hydroxyind oleacetic acid (5 -HIAA) , noradrenaline (NA), and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOP AC). The stressors used were a 5 min tail pinch or a 10 min period of restraint. A subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg diazepam decreased basal levels of 5 -HT, 5 -HIAA, and DOPAC, but not NA. There was no effect on the stress-induced increase in 5 -HT, NA, and 5 -HIAA, while the increase in DOPAC was completely abolished. Local infusion of 5 µM flurazepam decteased the basal level of 5 - HT but not 5 -HIAA and abolished the stress-induced increase of 5 -HIAA but not 5 -HT. These results suggest that the anxiolytic action of BDZs is unlikely to be attributable to the suppression of stress-induced increases in the release of NA or 5 -HT in the hippocampus.}, Keywords = {Diazepam, Noradrenaline, Serotonin, Stress, Hippocampus, Microdialysis.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {241-247}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1002-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1002-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {GHOLAMI, K and PAJOOHI, M and MALMIR, A and JAZAYERI, N}, title = {EVALU ATION OF INSULIN-SUL FONYLUREA COMBINATION V ERSIJS INSULIN AL ONE IN THE T REATMENT OF NON-INSULIN D EPENDENT DIABETES MELLITU S (NID DM)}, abstract ={Lowering the glucose level in diabetic patients reduces the risk of many consequences which are usually reported in these patients. Non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetes which cannot be controlled with sulfonylureas alone can be controlled with a combination of sulfonylurea and insulin. In an open randomized trial 58 patients were divided into three groups. The fIrst group received only insulin based on their blood glucose level. The second group received a set amount of insulin plus the required amount of glibenclamide and the third group received a set amount of insulin plus the required amount of chlorpropamide based on their glycemic control. All three groups had a significant reduction of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The best long term glycemic control was in the second group with the lowest HbAlc(% ). In these patients bedtime insulin and daytime sulfonylurea (B IDS) gives better glycemic control. This method of therapy is a valuable option for patients with NIDDM whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by sulfonylureas and do not have compliance with more than one injection a day.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {235-239}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1001-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1001-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {MORADMAND, S and NIAKAN, MR and FOULADKOU, F and SHAFIEE, A}, title = {A CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF FLUVASTATIN AND LOVASTATIN IN COMPARISON WI TH PLACEBO IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC PATIENTS}, abstract ={In this study, the effect of lovastatin and fluvastatin was compared with placebo in patients with high levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the plasma lipid profile. In a prospective single blind clinical trial with convenient sampling, 120 hypercholesterolemic men and women with Tcholesterol ≥220 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL, and triglyceride ≤ 350 mg/dL were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly. The fust group took lovastatin, 20 mg daily, the second group fluvastatin, 40 mg daily, and the third group took a placebo, all for 12 weeks. Compared with placebo, drug therapy of hypercholesterolemia with either lovastatin or fluvastatin decreased total cholesterol and LDL-C levels significantly but had no effect on high density lipoprotein and triglyceride values. Decrease of total cholesterol and LD L-C levels by both drugs are similar after the first 6 weeks but lovastatin was more effective after the second 6 week period.}, Keywords = {Fluvastatin, Lovastatin, Hypercholesterolemia}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {229-233}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1000-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1000-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {MOOSAVI, R and KALANTARMOTAMEDI, A}, title = {EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE OF ANAS TOMOSIS IN THE MODIFIED DUHAMELMARTIN OPERATION FOR HIRSCHSPRUNG\'S DISEASE}, abstract ={Hirschsprung's disease, also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon, is a congenital disorder which develops due to an absence of neural ganglia in a segment of large bowel. Most commonly, the rectum or rectosigmoid, and rarely other areas or the entire colon are involved. In this disease, all three neural plexi, i.e., the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, the superficial submucosal (Meissner's) plexus and the deep submucosal (Henle's) plexus are affected, therefore peristaltic waves do not occur in involved portions of the bowel. This causes a relative stenosis in involved areas and dilatation of the prestenotic bowel with resulting chronic constipation, recurrent diarrhea, and multiple episodes of enterocolitis. This series of events eventually leads to severe weakness, failure to thrive, abdominal distention and death. The only correct and effective form of therapy for this disorder is surgery. Surgical treatment can be performed by various methods, such as that proposed by Swenson et al,lI Soave,9 Duhame1,2 and Rehbein and Martin.4 Studies have shown that Martin's method has several advantages compared to other forms of surgical therapy. These are: 1/ Sensation is spared throughout the entire rectum. 2/ No dissection is performed anteriorly. 3/ Intraoperative bleeding is less. 4/ No catheter is required postoperatively. The modified Duhamel-Martin procedure which is the subject of this study has some practical benefits and less complications compared to the traditional Martin operation and is therefore our recommended technique for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {225-228}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-999-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-999-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {ALBORZI, S and PARSANEJAD, ME and ARDEKANI, MS}, title = {LAPAROSCOP ICALLY - ASSISTED VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY: REP ORT OF 15 CASES}, abstract ={Laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) was performed in fifteen patients without invasive cancer. Indications for hysterectomy were myomas, abnormal uterine bleeding unresponsive to hormonal treatment and dilatation and curettage, chronic pelvic pain with first degree uterine prolapse and possible adenomyosis, and dysplasia and ovarian cyst in postmenopausal years. No significant complication was observed during the operation or postoperatively. This report proves that minimally invasive procedures (LA VH) can replace conventional hysterectomies in experienced hands.}, Keywords = {Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LA VH), operative laparoscopy.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {221-224}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-998-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-998-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {NASSERI, P and GHAVAMZADEH, A and JAHANI, M and KHODABANDEH, A and BAYBORDI, I and MOHYEDDIN, M and GHAHREMANI, G}, title = {ALLOGENIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN APLASTIC ANEMIA}, abstract ={Eighteen patients, twelve men and six women, with aplastic anemia underwent allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-matched siblings during the period of 1990 to 1996. The conditioning regimen was cyclophosphamide with or without busulfan, depending on the cause of aplasia. Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and cyclosporine were used for rejection and acute GVHD prophylaxis, respectively. Eleven patients are alive (61 %) and seven (39%) died. Twelve patients developed acute GVHD. We found an inverse relationship between the incidence of acute GVHD and the number of units of transfused packed cells and platelets before BMT (p 1000, PLT> 100000) after BMT was inversely related to the total number of cells transplanted (p<0.05).}, Keywords = {Aplastic anemia, Bone marrow transplantation}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {217-220}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-997-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-997-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {AARABIMOGHADDAM, M. YOUSEF and KALANTARMOTAMEDI, M. HASAN}, title = {PATEN T DU CTUS ART ERIOSUS: SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN 510 PATIENTS}, abstract ={In this retrospective study, 510 infants and children with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) who underwent surgery at the Shahid Rajai Heart Hospital in Tehran were evaluated to determine the rate of surgical complications, morbidity and mortality. 30 patients (6%) developed minor to major complications postoperatively. Four patients who had undergone PDA ligation without division required reoperation due to recanalization of the ductus. In one patient, the left pulmonary artery was mistakenly ligated instead of the ductus, requiring reoperation and correction. There were two mortalities (0.4%), both in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Four patients (0.8%) developed bacterial endocarditis with positive blood cultures. The frequency of complications in our group of patients is in accordance with that of the literature. We conclude that patent ductus arteriosus, when diagnosed and treated early, can yield excellent results with very little complications. Delay in diagnosis and treatment, especially when associated lesions coexist, significantly increases the rate of complications, morbidity and mortality.}, Keywords = {Ductus arteriosus, patent; surgical complications; morbidity; mortality.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {211-215}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-996-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-996-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {DERAKHSHANDEILAMI, G and GHOLAMHOSSEINI, A and POURGHOLAMI, MH}, title = {COMPARISON OF THE BRONCHODIL ATORY EFFECTS OF INHALED SALBUTAMOLAND COMBIVEN T IN ASTHMATIC PATIENTS}, abstract ={A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was designed to compare the acute effects of Combivent and salbutamol on spirometric parameters in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Nineteen patients with a mean baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 sec. (FEV]) less than 65% predicted, were randomized on two separate days to receive two puffs of salbutamol (200 µg) or two puffs of Combivent (200 µg salbutamol plus 40 µg of ipratropium bromide) by metered dose inhalers. On study days using spirometry, FEV!, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF) and peak: expiratory flow rates (PEFR) were measured at baseline and at 15, 60 and 180 minutes after drug administration. Blood pressure and pulse rate were also determined before and 3 hours post drug inhalation. The results of this study show that Combivent produces significantly greater improvement compared to salbutamol in all four spirometric parameters at 15, 60, and 180 minutes after drug treatment. The greatest differences between the bronchodilating effects of the two re!imens were observed at 180 minutes after drug inhalation. There were no clinically significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure. It may therefore be concluded that in patients with moderate to severe asthma, Combivent provides better bronchodilation than salbutamo1 alone at clinically relevant doses without increasing side-effects}, Keywords = {Asthma, bronchodilator, Combivent, ipratropium, salbutamol.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {205-209}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-995-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-995-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {NAJAFISANI, MEHRI}, title = {PREVALENCE OF HEUCOBACTER PYLORI IN PEDIATRIC PEPTIC DISEASE}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {203-204}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1036-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1036-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {POURSHAFIE, MOHAMMED R and MOTIElANNAJAR, HOSSAIN}, title = {SERA FROM SYPIllLI ATIC PATIENTS CROSS REACT WITH SPECIFIC GLYCOPEPTIDOLIPID AND WHOLE LIPID EXTRACT OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX IN AN ANTICARDI OLIPIN ANTIBODY TEST}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {: Cardiolipin, Glycopeptidolipid, Syphilis, Mycobacterium}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {201-203}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1035-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1035-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {NOORI-DALOII, MR and SASAN, HA and MOHAGHEGHHAZRATI, S}, title = {EVA LUATION OF THE CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF FUNDERMOL BY MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Micronucleus assay, Fundennol, Burn.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {199-204}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1034-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1034-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {AZHARI, S and KARIMI, A}, title = {PENE1RATING HEAD INJURY WITH A KNIFE-A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={A case of a transcranial stab wound is presented in which the patient was stabbed in the left temporal bone with a knife which, after traversing the tentorium, passed through the occipital squama and its tip reached the upper cervical area. The subject underwent surgery and was discharged without neurological sequelae. The fundamental principles of management in this specific type of head injury are discussed.}, Keywords = {Stab wound, penetrating head injury.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {195-197}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SADJJADI, SM and ARDEHALI, SM and SHOJAEI, A}, title = {A CASE REPORT OF LINGUATULA SERRATA IN HUMAN PHARYNX FROM SHIRAZ, SOUTHERN IRAN}, abstract ={A case of linguatulosis due to Linguatula serrata, a zoonotic pentastomid parasite in the pharynx of a 35 year old woman from Shiraz is described. After removal of the parasites the patient was discharged without any further complaints.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {193-194}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1032-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1032-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {BEHDAD, AKBAR}, title = {TORSION AND GANGRENE OF THE GALLBLADDER IN A CHILD}, abstract ={Torsion of the gallbladder with gangrene is a rare condition which is generally due to an abnormal anatomical variation of the organ i.e., loss of fixation of the organ to the inferior margin of the liver and the presence of a long meso cyst. The case considered is a seven year old boy who presented with acute abdominal pain. He underwent laparotomy 36 hours after having sustained blunt abdominal trauma. Operation was limited to cholecystectomy and removal of a gangrenous gallbladder which had undergone torsion. The postoperative course was uneventful.}, Keywords = {gallbladder, diseases, torsion, trauma, cholecystectomy.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {191-192}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1031-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1031-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {KALANTARMOTAMEDI, MOHAMMAD HOSEIN}, title = {ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST ASSOCIATED WITH A PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE OF THE MANDIBLE: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW}, abstract ={Pathologic fractures of the jaw are usually associated with aggressive, destructive lesions or malignant lesions of the jaws. Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) of the jaws are benign lesions which normally do not cause destruction to such an extent. This article reports a relatively aggressive ABC of the mandible in a 19 year-old male which destroyed the buccal and lingual cortices as well as the inferior border of the mandible resulting in a pathologic fracture. Although pathologic fractures associated with ABC's of the skeleton are common, however, to our knowledge this is the first report of an AB C associated with a pathologic fracture of the jaw.}, Keywords = {Cyst, bone, aneurysmal; mandible.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-189}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1030-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1030-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SADR-AMELI, MA and FOROOD, A and SAFI, F}, title = {INTERFERON INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY: CASE REPORTS}, abstract ={There are few reports concerning interferon induced myocardial dysfunction. A known case of multiple myeloma who was receiving interferon alpha (IFA) for 14 months was brought to the emergency room in frank: pulmonary edema. After treatment of heart failure and discontinuation of interferon alpha, he remained asymptomatic thereafter. Another case of chronic active hepatitis on IFA complained of dyspnea that became asymptomatic after cessation of IFA.}, Keywords = {cardiomyopathy, interferon.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {181-183}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1029-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1029-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {KOUHSARI, MR and MANZAR, HA}, title = {INGUINAL HYDATID CYST: REPORT OF A RARE CASE}, abstract ={Hydatid cyst, the larval stage of Echinococcus spp., is a common parasitic disease in Iran. The liver and the lungs are the most commonly involved organs. Hydatid cysts have also been reported in bones and soft tissues such as muscle, brain tissue, spleen, thyroid and even in the heart. Hydatid cyst of the inguinal area, resembling a hernia is a rarity presenting at an unusual site. A hypersensitivity reaction to components of hydatid fluid may cause a serious or even fatal reaction if cyst rupture occurs. Sudden occurrence, lack of a good clinical history, and the severity and complexity of symptoms and signs makes the diagnosis difficult. This paper reports sudden rupture of an inguinal hydatid cyst in a patient while taking a bath, resulting in severe anaphylactic shock and acute pulmonary edema, wrongly described by the patient's family as "steam suffocation". This case report emphasizes the value of a good and detailed clinical history, the need to include hydatid cyst in the list of inguinal swellings in endemic areas, and to consider hydatid cyst rupture in the differential diagnosis of sudden shock, sudden LVF, pulmonary edema and severe allergic reactions.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {177-179}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1028-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1028-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {HOMAYOUNI, SM and LATIFZADEH, SZ and KALANTARMOTAMEDI, MH}, title = {PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA OF URINARY BLADDER: REPORT OF A CASE AND BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE}, abstract ={A case of pheochromocytoma of the bladder is presented with a r eview of the literature. We discuss general management principles of bladder pheochromocytoma. Successful diagnosis and treatment of this lesion requires a high index of suspicion based upon the patient's symptom complex, allowing preoperative preparation prior to surgical treatment.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {171-176}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1027-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1027-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {EIVAZIZIAEI, J}, title = {INFERIOR VENA CAVA THROMBOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA}, abstract ={Essential thrombocythemia is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by a sustained proliferation of megakaryocytes, which leads to increased numbers of circulating platelets. Hemorrhagic and/or thrombotic episodes are frequent, and thrombosis of both veins and arteries may develop. Vessels in unusual sites may be involved, e.g., the hepatic veins, mesenteric veins, and the digital vessels. Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava has not been reported previously. In this paper we report inferior vena cava thrombosis in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {167-169}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1026-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1026-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {KHATAMI, SEYYED MASSOUD}, title = {ACUTE LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA DUE TO FEMOROPOPLITEAL EMBOLISM OF HYDATID CYST}, abstract ={In addition to the liver, human hydatidosis has been reported in the lung, brain, abdominal viscera, muscles, and heart chambers. Infarction of the brain has also been documented. Arterial embolism of the lower extremities by hydatid cyst, however, is extremely rare. In the presented case, acute ischemia of the patient's left leg led to gangrene and amputation. Complete workup for localization of the primary focus of hydatid cyst was inconclusive however, the most probable explanation is spontaneous rupture of a left ventricular wall hydatid cyst which subsequently embolized to the aorta and lodged in the left femoral artery}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {163-165}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {HUSSAINKHAN, ZAHID}, title = {SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA FOLLOWING SECOND INDUCTION OF ANESTHESIA IN A PATIENT DIAGNOSED AS MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA AFTER FIRST ANESTHETIC EXPOSURE: TERMINOLOGY REQUIRES A SECOND LOOK}, abstract ={A 17 year old male who underwent surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome developed a postoperative complication which was labelled and diagnosed as malignant hyperthermia in Kerman Medical Center. The temperature recorded was 43°C, PaC02 70 mmHg and serum potassium level was 7 mEq/L. The patient was hospitalized in the intensive care unit for 10 days. On discharge, the patient had aphasia and incoordination in gait. Gradually the symptoms improved. However dysarthria, a reduction in muscle force and a staggering gait persisted. The same patient underwent a second operation for a spinal cord tumor located in the cervical region at this center. Following induction of anesthesia, the pulse rate showed a stepladder rise reaching a peak: of 198 per minute. Except for a rapid heart rate, the patient had an uneventful operative course and a speedy recovery following the operation without any sequelae. The case is being reviewed and the plethora of diverse symptomatology and clinical picture explored to highlight the controversy of malignant hyperthermia in this particular case.}, Keywords = {Malignant hyperthermia, Anesthesia, Supraventricular tachycardia.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {159-162}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1024-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1024-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {A. KHOSHBATEN, A and FERRELL, WR}, title = {PRE- AND POSTJUNCTIONAL α-ADRENOCEPTORS IN RABBIT ARTICULAR BLOOD VESSELS}, abstract ={Previous in vitro work on rabbit knee joint vessels showed that vasoconstrictor effects of nerve stimulation and administration of α-adrenoceptor agonists were mediated predominantly by α1-adrenoceptors5,9 The present experiments were performed to assess the nature of α-adrenoceptor subtypes within these blood vessels in vivo. Dose/response relationships for adrenaline and noradrenaline produced a similar pattern of increasing constriction of articular vessels with increasing doses of drug. The u} agonist phenylephrine also produced dosedependent constrictor responses which were diminished by prazosin. Using the α2 agonists clonidine and UK -14304,responses in vivo differed from those previously observed in vitro. There was virtually no response to clonidine in vitro while responses were obvious in vivo. Although UK-14304 was found to have small effects in vitro, but only at high doses, this agent exerted more potent effects in vivo, significantly greater than those obtained with phenylephrine. Responses to the α2 agonists were not altered significantly by prazosin but were reduced by rauwolscine. Following injection of UK -14304, the constrictor response to nerve stimulation was reduced. The results suggest that both α1 and α2 adrenoceptors are present postjunctionally within articular blood vessels, and also that prejunctional α2 receptors are present which presumably regulate neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerve endings in the joint capsule.}, Keywords = {Blood flow, Joint, Adrenoceptor, Prejunctional}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {153-157}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1023-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1023-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {REZAYAT, M and OMIDI, M and RAMAZANI, M and KARAMI, M and SABERI, H and BAKHTIARIAN, A}, title = {ATTENUATION OF PARAQUAT TOXICITY IN MICE}, abstract ={Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide. However, a large number of cases of accidental or suicidal poisoning from PQ has been reported. Membrane damage induced by lipid peroxidation, inactivation of protein or damage to DNA by radical formation have been suggested as toxicity mechanisms of PQ. In the present work, the effects of atropine, propranolol, procainamide and dipyridamole on PQ-induced intoxication have been studied. Oroups of male albino mice were used under standard conditions. All the drugs were injected intraperitoneally in different doses. The results indicated that administration of PQ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the death rate of animals (77%) during 3 days, whereas a dose of 20 mg/kg of PQ only decreased the lung tissue total protein and glutathione (OS H) content. This poison also produced serious histopathologic changes in lung tissue. Administration of propranolol ( 10 and 20 mg/kg), procainamide (20 and 40 mg/kg), dipyridamole (30 and 60 Mg/kg) and atropine (5 and 10 mg/kg) decreased the PQ (40 mg/kg)-induced mortality rate in the pre- or post-treatment regimens. These drugs were also effective in reversing the PQ-induced alteration in the lung tissue protein and OSH content, however the pathological findings attenuated in the treated animals. Although the exact mechanism of these drugs against paraquat-toxicity in mice is still unknown, it appears that some of the drugs used may be effective in reversing PQ-induced poisoning in mice and possibly their effects are related to the inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation via different mechanisms.}, Keywords = {Paraquat, atropine, propranolol, procainamide, dipyridamole, mice}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {147-152}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1022-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1022-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {KEBRIAEE-ZADEH, ABBAS and SHARIFZADEH, MOHAMMAD and ABDOLLAHI, MOHAMMAD and SOLTANINEJAD, KAMBIZ}, title = {A LTERATION OF PENTYL ENETETRAZOLINDUCED KINDLING PARAMETERS BY PRETREATMENT OF RATS WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL AND LEAD ACETATE}, abstract ={Lead is known to be a potent neurotoxin that can cause seizure activity in humans and animals. Also, epileptic type convulsion is a known complication of hypothyroidism. This study was performed to determine the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism and chronic lead exposure on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling parameters. The test was carried out by using male albino rats weighing 180-230 g which were divided into four groups as follows: Group 1: rats which received distilled water for 25 days (control group) Group 2: rats pretreated with an orally administered lead acetate solution (0.05%) for 25 days Group 3: rats rendered hypothyroid with PTU solution (O.I%WIV) for 25 days and Group 4: rats co-treated with lead acetate solution (0.05% W IV) and PTU solution (0.1 % W IV) for 25 days. On the 26th day of the experiment PTZ (ip, 30 mg/kg) was injected once a day in order to induce seizure behaviors. Kindling parameters such as seizure latency, index, stage and frequency were evaluated. In animals, both lead acetate (0.05% WIV) and PTU (0.1 %WIV) pretreatment caused significant alterations in kindling parameters separately. But in animals pretreated with a combination of lead acetate and PTU, potentiation of kindling parameters was not observed compared to groups one and two. In conclusion, lead acetate and PTU may affect kindling parameters by different mechanisms.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {141-146}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {REZAZADEH, HASSAN and ALLAMEH, AMIR and ATHAR, MOHAMMAD}, title = {EFFECT OF IRON OVERLOAD ON 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ (A) ANTHRACENE-INDUCED SKIN TUMORIGENESIS}, abstract ={Iron overload is known to occur in the West European and American population due to the consumption of iron-rich diets. On the other hand, genetic disorders leading to iron overload are also known. Iron overload leads to increased peroxidation and disruptive disintegration of lipid-rich membranes, and predisposes humans for an enhanced risk of cancer induction. In experimental animals iron overload enhances intestinal, colonic, hepatic, pulmonary and mammary carcinogenesis. In this study, we have shown that iron overload is a mild tumor promotor in mouse skin. Female albino Swiss mice were iron overloaded and their backs were shaved. Tumors were initiated using a complete tumorigenesis protocol by applying 200lig 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)/mouse in multiple doses of 40llg DMBA/day for 5 consecutive days. The appearance of the first tumor (latency period), percent of tumor incidence and number of tumors/ mouse were recorded. When compared to the positive control group, the iron overloaded mice showed an increased incidence of tumors. In iron overloaded animals, the tumors appeared about four weeks earlier. The number of tumors per mouse were significantly higher in the iron overloaded group. Biochemical studies performed in the present study include the determination of the activity of lipid peroxidation, catalase and xanthine oxidase measurement in mice skin tissue. We observed an iron-mediated induction in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) and diminished catalase (CAT) activity in skin tissues of mice overloaded with iron as compared to the normal unloaded control group. Based on these studies we propose that iron increases tumor promotion potentials significantly. An induction in LPO in the iron overloaded group suggests that oxidative stress may be responsible for such an observed augmentation of cutaneous carcinogenesis in mice. Our data indicate that iron overload exerts tumor promoting potential in mouse skin, and that oxidative stress generated by iron overload is responsible for the augmentation of cutaneous tumorigenesis}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {135-140}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1019-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1019-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SAMADI, ABBAS and PULITI, ALDAMARIA and GOOSSENS, MICHEL}, title = {USE OF VECTORETTE AND SUBVECTORETTE PCR FOR THE ISOLATION OF TERMINAL SEQUENCES FROM Y EAST ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME (YAC) CLONES}, abstract ={Development of yeast artificial chromosome (Y AC) vectors, molecular cloning of large segments of chromosomal DNA, and their propagation in yeast cells has become feasible. Overlapping Y AC provides a route to the development of physical maps of entire mammalian chromosomes. A rapid method was developed to isolate and sequence termini of Y AC inserts quickly. The Y AC clone is digested with a range of restriction enzymes, and ligated with a linker at its ends. The digested fragments were amplified using modified vector specific primers and a universal linker primer. PCR products were sequenced and the information used to drive new sets of primers for screening of Y AC libraries to obtain overlapping clones and construct existing Y AC contig.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {129-133}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SHAH-HOSSEINY, MH and AKBARI, MR and TABARRAI, B and RECHINSKY, V}, title = {PCR-MEDIATED CLONING A ND EXPRESSION OF THE GENE FOR THE B-SUBUNIT OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE TOXIN ISOLATED RECENTLY IN IRAN}, abstract ={Knowing the nucleotide sequence of the cholera toxin operon, we designed oligonucleotide primers for its-PCR amplification from local clinical isolates of V. cholerae. The resulting amplification product was cloned in a common pUC18 vector. Subsequently, a part of this operon encoding the cholera toxin Bsubunit (CTB) was reamplified and cloned between the BamH1 and EcoR1 sites of the same vector to create a recombinant plasmid pR18CTB. Temperaturecontrolled expression of the target protein was achieved by supplementing pR18CTB with a DNA fragment which contained a strong promoter PR and the gene for a heat-sensitive repressor cI857 of bacteriophage lambda from a n expression vector pCQV2. When induced, the constructed plasmid pSCTB18 provided for the production of recombinant CTB secreted into the periplasmic space in a yield of about 3mg per liter of bacterial culture, as revealed by OM 1- ELISA.}, Keywords = {V. cholerae, toxin, cloning, PCR}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {123-128}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {HAGHIGHAT, M}, title = {TREATMENT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI (H. PYLORI) INFECTION IN CHILDREN: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY COMPA R ING TWO DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC REGIMENS}, abstract ={During a period of 10 months from May to February 1995, 120 children (72 girls, 48 boys) with an age range of 4-16 years (mean age 10.87, S.D.±2.7) with chronic abdominal pain who had an abnormal endoscopy (gastroduodenal mucosal defect) and positive urease test were treated for H. pylori. Patients were treated randomly with either metronidazole and amoxicillin (double therapy, group A) or metronidazole, amoxicillin and bismuth subsalicylate (triple therapy, group B), each for two weeks. 6-8 weeks after completion of treatment, patients were reevaluated by endoscopy and urease test. Endoscopy was normal in 75 cases (63 % ). Of the 45 cases with abnormal endoscopy, 37 patients (82%) were in group A and 8 patients (18%) in group B (p<0.00 l ). The urease test was positive in 44 cases (70%) of group A and 12 cases (20%) of group B (p<0.001). It is concluded that double therapy is relatively ineffective in eradication of H. pylori and triple therapy is less effective in this area compared with reports from industrialized countries. This difference is most probably due to greater drug resistance in this part of the world.}, Keywords = {Chronic abdominal pain, children, endoscopy, urease test, H. pylori, antibiotic therapy.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {119-121}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SABERI-FIROUZI, M and KAFFASHIAN, F and HAYATI, E and GHADERI, AA and KESHAVARZ, H and ARSHADI, S and ARSHADI, C and SOTUDEHMARAM, MSE and MASSARRAT, MS and GHALAMBOR, MA}, title = {PREVALENCE OF HYDATIDOSIS IN NOMADIC TRIBES OF SOUTHERN IRAN}, abstract ={In order to assess the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus (EO) infection (hydatidosis) in nomadic tribes of southern Iran, 1000 individuals from a total population of 1 12,519 were selected by randomized single blind cluster sampling method and studied from 1994- 1995. The study included: ( l ) a physical examination by a gastroenterologist, (2) abdominal ultrasonography (US), and (3) detection of anti-EO-antibodies (EOA) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The statistically significant prevalences were: US: 1.8%, eIE: 6.8%, and ELISA, 13.7%. The rate of infection varied with age, sex, education, occupation, life style, geographical location of tribal subgroups and the frequency of contact with dogs and cattle. The power of agreement between a combination of each two methods were significant as determined by kappa statistics method. The results obtained indicated that a combination of ELISA and CIE was the most reliable method with a high sensitivity and specificity.}, Keywords = {Echinococcus granulosus, echinococcosis, hydatidosis, nomadic and migrant tribes.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {113-118}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {KUMAR, PERIKALA V. and MONABBATI, A}, title = {CRUSH PREPARATION CYTOLOGIC FINDINGS OF CNS TUMORS: A STUDY OF 199 CASES}, abstract ={Crush preparation cytology technique was used during the operative procedure for the diagnosis of 199 CNS tumors. This technique is simple, easy to perform, rapid, and inexpensive. The cytomorphologic findings were excellent and helped achieve a rapid and correct diagnosis. This technique was used on the tiny, small specimens which were not suitable for frozen sectioning. The results were compared with biopsy reports. The overall diagnostic accuracy by this technique was about 97.7 %.}, Keywords = {CNS, Neoplasms, Cytology study.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-112}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1014-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1014-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {TAGHlZADEHAFSHARI, A and MOHAMMADIFALLAH, MR}, title = {COMPARISON OF UROLOGICAL COMP LICATIONS OF BARRY\'S AND MODIFIED LICHT\'S TECHNIQUES OF EXTRAVESICAL URE TERONEOCY STOSTOMY IN RENAL TRANSP LANT PATIENTS IN URUMIEH}, abstract ={Between April 5, 1988 and Sept. 3, 1992, 204 cases of kidney transplantation were performed using modified Licht's implantation technique and from Sept. 4, 1992 to Sept. 3, 1993, 57 cases were done with Barry's method. Age ranged from 11 to 60 years and in both groups had nearly similar distribution. Kidneys were provided from live donors. Immunosuppressive therapy was similar in all patients and included cyclosporin A, azathioprine and corticosteroids.I-3 After transplantation, all patients were followed and meticulous attention was paid to determining the occurrence of possible urologic complications. Sonography, LV.V. and/or radioisotope scanning was performed as indicated. In this study, 15 patients (7 % ) in the Licht group and one patient (2%) in the Barry group developed urological complications.}, Keywords = {Kidney transplantation, complications, ureteral reimplantation.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-108}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1013-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1013-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SIMFOROOSH, N}, title = {LAPAROSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF CRYPTORCHIDISM AND LAPAROSCOPIC ORCHIOPEXY: THE FIRST REPORT FROM THE MIDDLE EAST}, abstract ={Laparoscopic orchiopexy (LO) was used in place of open surgery in 10 patients for diagnosing cryptorchidism in our department. In this method a large abdominal incision was not given in search of intra-abdominal testes. Anorchia was diagnosed in four patients, which was shown to be bilateral in one. In one subject with ambiguous genitalia, revealing the presence of intra-abdominal gonads established the infant's gender as male. In four patients, five laparoscopic orchiopexies were performed without celiotomy for the first time in Iran and the middle east which was bilateral in one patient. Except for two patients, all procedures were performed on an outpatient basis. Today laparoscopy is the method of choice for diagnosing cryptorchidism. Our report has shown that orchiopexy can be performed for intra-abdominal testes without submitting to open surgical techniques.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-104}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1012-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1012-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {NOORBALA, HOSSEIN}, title = {USING THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY FOR THE THIRD RENAL RE-TRANSPLANTATION: A CASE REPORT}, abstract ={A 32 year old man underwent renal transplantation for the third time. This procedure was performed in December 1994, using the kidney of a living unrelated donor. The first transplanted kidney remained in the body after rejection but the second one was removed due to trauma. End-to-end anastomosis of the renal artery to the inferior mesenteric artery was performed and the ureter was reimplanted to the bladder by Lich's technique. The post-op period went on quite normally and no surgical complication or renal rejection was observed. The transplanted kidney continues to function normally after more than 18 months. In reviewing the medical literature and papers, we did not find any report on using the inferior mesenteric artery for renal transplantation. . We recommend using the inferior mesenteric artery for renal re-transplantation in cases in which no other suitable artery exists. Since there would be.no need for aortic dissection and because of rough similarity between the diameters of the renal artery and inferior mesenteric artery, the potential risk of vascular complications would be less.}, Keywords = {Transplantation, renal;}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {97-99}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1064-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1064-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {BASIRIDJAHROMI, SHAHINDOKHT and KHAKSAR, ALI ASGHAR and VAZIRIKASHANI, MOJGAN and ARSID, SAHBA}, title = {DISSEMINATED INFECTION DUE TO FUSARIUM SP. IN A PATIENT WI TH CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE}, abstract ={The present report discusses disseminated fusariosis in a 15 year old boy with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). He was admitted to the Hazrat Rasool Acram Hospital in November 1995, with a chronic wound in the right ankle and buttock area. Antibacterial therapy was started, but there was no response. The patient was still febrile. Chest x-ray revealed parahilar lesions in both lungs. Tissue biopsy and broncho-alveolar lavage were performed and the specimens were sent to Pasteur Institute. In both specimens, Fusarium sp. was recognized as the pathologic agent by direct smear and culture techniques. The patient underwent antifungal therapy receiving amphotericin B and oral ketoconazole. The result of this treatment suggests that aggressive management of fusariosis offers the best chance of survival. This paper reports the first case of disseminated fusariosis in Iran.}, Keywords = {Fungal.infection, Fusarium sp., Chronic granulomatous disease}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {93-96}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1063-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1063-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {NAGHIBZADEH, M}, title = {UNUSUAL AND RARE TERATOMAS OF THE HEAD AND NECK: A REPORT OF THREE CASES}, abstract ={Teratomas are bulky lesions that rarely occur in the head and neck regions.They are composed of tissues from all germ layers with varying degrees of differentiation. They arise from pluripotential stem cells and ectopic embryonic non-germ cells. The most common sites of occurrence in the head and neck are the cervical region and the nasopharynx. Three cases of these tumors are reported here that were found in the nasopharynx, cervical region and the base of the tongue.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-92}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1062-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1062-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {ABDOLLAHI, MOHAMMAD and JALALI, NASER and SHARIFZADEH, MOHAMMAD and KARIMI, GHOLAMREZA}, title = {ATTEMPTED SUICIDE BY INSULIN INJECTI ON TREATED WITH HYPERTONIC GLUCOSE SOLUTION}, abstract ={A young woman with no history of diabetes tried to commit suicide by injecting 2800 units of subcutaneous NPH insulin. She was transferred to Loghman Hospital within 12 hours. The main clinical symptom was continuous seizure activity which was resistant to all forms of routine drug therapy. The patient was treated with intravenous hypertonic glucose (50%) followed by continuous glucose (10%) infusion. The patient was discharged from the hospital after 8 days without any sequelae.}, Keywords = {Insulin, Overdose, Suicide.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {85-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {AJUDANI, TJ and GHARAVI, M and BASTANI, B}, title = {PRIMARY HYPER OXALURIA: REPORT OF FOUR CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE}, abstract ={In this paper we will present four cases of primary hyperoxaluria. All patients had a significant past medical history of polyuria (with or without microscopic hematuria) and polydypsia. All patients had a family history of their parents being cousins. Initial evaluation of all patients by ultrasound and plain abdominal films revealed nephrocalcinosis. Their clinical courses showed gradual loss of renal function over the follow-up years. We will also review primary hyperoxalurias and their management in this report.}, Keywords = {Oxalate, hyperoxaluria, oxalosis, renal failure, transplantation}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-84}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1060-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1060-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SABRI, MOHAMMAD REZA and ALAVIAN-GHAVANINI, AHMAD}, title = {BENIGN EXTREME HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN A 9 YEAR-OLD GIRL WITH SICKLE-THALASSEMIA AND THE PROBABLE ROLE OF HBF IN PREDICTING THE OUTCOME}, abstract ={Hepatic dysfunction is a frequent manifestation in patients with sickle cell anemia. It is usually a multifactorial process. A rare benign form of extreme hyperbilirubinemia, presumably due to intrahepatic sickling, may be the cause. We report a 9 year old girl with sickle-thalassemia hemoglo binopathy, presenting with profound jaundice. Sickle cell disease is often mild in the Iranian population due to relatively higher levels of HbF, suggesting that the βs gene is associated with a gene capable of producing high levels of HbF. Moreover, sickle thalassemia disease is generally milder than sickle cell disease. In this patient, the previous electrophoresis had shown a relatively high HbF level (34.3%). This may account for the benign course of hyperbilirubinemia and no need for blood transfusion in this case, despite the majority of previous reports}, Keywords = {Sickle-thalassemia, Intrahepatic sickling, Fetal hemoglobin.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-78}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1051-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1051-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {FIROOZBAKHSH, KEIKHOSROW and ORCUIT, FRED V.}, title = {THE EFFECTS OF ANTERIOR DISCECTOMY AND INTERPOSITION AL IMPLANT UPON LUMBAR MOTION SEGMENT STABILITY}, abstract ={The cadaver spine motion segment behavior under torsional load was evaluated with the disc intact, with partial anterior discectomy and with spacer insertion. The results of this study explain how anterior lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion (ALIF) affects the torsional stability of the motion segment. The pseudarthrosis rate of the anterior lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion (ALIF) is known to vary with leveL Therefore fifteen fresh human cadaveric degenerated discs at L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 levels were loaded in torsion: intact after anterior discectomy and, after spacer interposition and removaL Torsional rigidity of intactL5-S 1 was greater than L3-4 (41 %) orL4-5 (53%). Anterior discectomy significantly decreased the torsional rigidity compared to intact: L3-4 (73%) L4-5 (48%) and L5-S1 (55%). Interpositioning of spacer partially restored the torsional stability compared to discectomy: L3-4 (22%) L4- 5 (18%) and L5-S1 (38%). In conclusion, L5-S 1 degenerated discs are rotationally more stable than L3- 4 or L4-5. Anterior discectomy significantly increases torsional flexibility. Spacer interposition partially restores the disc's torsional stability which is most prominent at the L5-S 1 leveL Increased rotational flexibility seems related to pseudarthrosis rate.}, Keywords = {Lumbar spine, Biomechanics, Rotational instability, Arthrodesis.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1050-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1050-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {NIKNAFS, B and TAKI, TM and REZAZADEH, M and ALIMOHAMMADIAN, MH}, title = {MORPHOLOGICA L STUDY OF MOUSE (BALB/c) THYMUS A FTER HIGH A ND LOW DOSE DEXA METHA SONE TREATMENT}, abstract ={Dexamethasone induces thymic atrophy and thymocyte apoptosis. In the present study histological and ultrastructural changes which occur in the thymus of the mouse (BALB/c) following treatment with high (20 mg/kg) and low (8 mg/kg) doses of dexamethasone were investigated. In low dose treated mice, apoptotic cells were observed focally and localized mainly in thymic nurse cells (T.N.C.). A zone of intact thymocytes was formed in the medulla of animals receiving 20 mg/kg of dexamethasone as well as an increase in trans-endothelial vesicles and a decrease in the size of the vesicles in the cortical capillaries. The enveloped thymocytes within thymic nurse cells respond to dexamethasone through apoptosis, and these changes were seen to be more severe in mice treated with high doses of dexamethasone. The formation of apoptotic cells in the thymus caused by low dose dexamethasone mimics the physiological process of cell death. Differential effects of low dose and high dose dexamethasone may have pharmacological and immunological implications.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1049-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1049-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {MALEKIDIZAJI, N and GARJANI, A and PYNE, S}, title = {SPHINGOMYELIN METABOLITES A S SECOND MESSENGERS IN AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCL E CELL P ROLIFERATION}, abstract ={Sphingolipid metabolism was examined in guinea-pig airway smooth muscle cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and 4β-phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate (PMA), as mitogens and bradykinin (BK) as non-mitogen. Stimulation of the cells by PMA and PDGF for 60 min. at 37°C induced the following changes in sphingolipid metabolites: in cells prelabeled with PH] palmitate, a 1.2 fold increase in radio-labeled sphingosine, a concomitant 20% decrease in radio-labeled ceramide and no significant change in sphingomyelin level. Stimulation of the cells by BK induced no changes in sphingolipid levels at any time tested. This study demonstrates the existence of a "sphingomyelin cycle" in airway smooth muscle cells. Such sphingolipid cycles may function in a signal transduction pathway and in cellular proliferation.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1048-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1048-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {VODJGANI, M and AZADI, F and HAJATI, J and KARIMIAN, M}, title = {EFFECT OF β-HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (β-HCG) ON NEUTROPHIL FUNCTIONS}, abstract ={Many findings point to the presence of a close relationship between the immune, endocrine and neurologic systems. For example the suppressive effects of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) on IL-l production, the potentiative effect of enkephalins on lymphocyte functions and the suppressive effect of leuteinizing hormone (LH) on natural killer (NK) cell activities have been clearly established. In this regard we have studied the effects of β-HCG on neutrophil function in vitro. This study was performed on 28 peripheral blood neutrophil samples (14 as test and 14 as control), by incubating neutrophil preparations with bacteria in the presence or absence of the hormone for one hour at 37°C. The results indicated that with 20 IU/mL of hormone, the total and intracellular bactericidal activities of neutrophils were• significantly increased (p<0.05), but the phagocytic activity remained unchanged.}, Keywords = {Gonadotropin, human chorionic; n-eutrophil function}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1047-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1047-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SHAHCHERAGHI, FERESHTEH and ESLAMI, MOHAMMAD BAGHER and TABARAIE, BAHMAN and BEHZADIAN-NEJAD, GHORBAN}, title = {ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF MAJOR OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS FROM BRUCELLA ABORTUS S-99}, abstract ={Isolation and purification of major outer membrane proteins (OMP) from the cell wall envelope of Brucella abortus S-99 were achieved by sonication, solubilization and membrane fractionation in the presence of non-ionic detergent (Tx-100) and lysozyme treatments, followed by ultracentrifugation. The crude OMP was treated with trypsin to free the preparation from any other protein contaminants. The OMP preparation was purified by column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. Three major symmetrical peaks emerged from the column with kav values of 1. 81, 2.42 and 2.56 in succession in addition to a few closely related minor peaks. Characterization of crude OMP on SDS-PAGE showed 13 protein bands. The three major peaks 1,2 and 3 were subjected to SDS-PAGE separately and the molecular weights of peaks 2 and 3 were calculated to be 26 and 38 kDa, respectively and the first peak was further resolved into two subfractions with molecular weights of 62 and 67 kDa. However, after treatment of OMP with trypsin the number of bands were reduced to one prominent band with a molecular weight of 38 kDa and a thinner band of 41 kDa.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1046-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1046-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {ABBASZADEGAN, MORTEZA and EMAMI, ALI and FARID, REZA and GERBA, CHARLES}, title = {OCCURRENCE OF VIRUSES AND P RO TOZOAN PARASI TES IN SURFACE, GROUND AND TREATED WATER IN THE CI TY OF MASHHAD, IRAN}, abstract ={A research plan was developed to evaluate the occurrence of enteroviruses, giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts in thirty-five different sites in the city of Mashhad, Iran. The occurrence of these pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated to investigate a possible health risk in the communities. For the detection of enteroviruses in water samples, the conventional method of cell culture, using Buffalo Green Monkey (BGM) cell line, was used. The minimum sample volume for viruses was 500 liters, collected using a positively charged MK cartridge filter, eluted with beef extract and concentrated by organic flocculation. The method of detection for cysts and oocysts relied on microscopic observation of water samples by the immunofluorescence assay (IFA). For this study, water samples were collected using a cartridge filter, eluted by washing the filter using a detergentbased medium, concentrated by centrifugation, clarified by a percoll-sucrose density gradient, stained by an indirect fluorescent antibody, and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. A total of seventy surface, ground or treated water samples were collected from 35 different sites in the metropolitan city of Mashhad. Thirty-five samples were assayed for the presence of enteroviruses by cell culture and 35 samples were assayed by IFA technique for the detection of cysts and oocysts. Two surface water samples tested positive for virus presence and three surface water samples tested positive for giardia cysts. Based on the results of this research project, no microbial contamination of finished water was documented, suggesting proper treatment of surface water at the time of sampling.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1045-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1045-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {EMAMI, MJ and ABDINEJAD, F and KHODABKHSHI, S and AMINI, M and NASERI, B}, title = {THE NORMAL CARRYING ANGLE OF THE ELBOW IN SHIRAZ}, abstract ={The normal carrying angle in Shiraz population was measured on the basis of sex and age. The right elbow angle of 4266 cases was examined from birth to 30 years old. This study found the carrying angle in 2540 females to be 7.20 (range 2-19) and in 1726 males to be 6.40 (range 2-11), a 0.80 difference. A significant difference (p= 0.05) was found in relation to age. There is a gradual increase in the carrying angle with skeletal maturation.}, Keywords = {Angle, Elbow}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-39}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1044-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1044-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {JANGHORBANI, MOHSEN and NAKHAI, HAMID REZA}, title = {EFFECT OF PASSIVE SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY ON WEIGHT, LENG TH AND CRANIAL CIRCUMFERENCE AT BIRTH IN KERMAN, IRAN}, abstract ={Passive smoking (PS), a well-known health risk, is the major source of indoor pollution. There is some inconsistent evidence that PS during pregnancy may increase the risk of low birth weight. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of PS exposure during pregnancy on weight, length and cranial circumference at birth of babies born to women who have described themselves as nonsmokers, in Kerman, Iran. A random sample of 702 admitted women aged 11 to 50 years [mean (standard deviation) 26.5 (6.1)] who delivered a live full-term singleton baby without apparent malformation during the six consecutive months from June to December 1994 were interviewed on the second day post-partum and asked about smoking in all household members. They comprised about 36.4% of total deliveries in Bahonar Kerman Medical School Hospital during this period. All women were nonsmokers, 278 (39.6%) were passive smokers while 424 (60.4%) were not exposed to tobacco smoke. Potential confounders, including fetal gender, maternal age, parity, weight gain, complications during pregnancy, maternal education, birth interval and gestation were adjusted for by multiple linear regression analysis. Infants born to passive smokers were on the average 22 gr. lighter than those born to nonsmokers, albeit this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.56) [95% confidence interval (CI): -51, 95.7]. A mean reduction of 0.04 cm [95% CI: -0.19,0.27] in birth length and 0.05 cm [95%CI: -0.12, 0.22) in cranial circumference was found. In multiple linear regression model, exposure to PS during pregnancy did not show any effect on weight, length and cranial circumference at birth after adjusting for confounding variables.}, Keywords = {Low birthweight, passive, sidestream, second-hand, environmental, smoking, epidemiology, Iran.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-36}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1043-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1043-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {KHALILI, MA and CLOWER, BR and IWASA, K}, title = {ANATOMIC CORRELATION BE TWEEN INTIMAL PATHOLOGY AND CEREBRAL VASOSPASM FOLLOWING SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE}, abstract ={Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) resulting from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm can induce cerebral vasospasm with subsequent reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). The present study examines the pathological alterations in the wall of human cerebral arteries at autopsy, especially with regard to intimal pathology, following aneurysmal SAH. Arterial segments from the circle of Willis were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4µ and stained with hematoxylin-eosin or toluidine blue. Similar numbers of sectioned vessels were also examined in control material. The areas of intima, lumen and the length of internal elastic lamina were compared witth those from control sections. Pathological changes such as myonecrosis and fibrosis in muscular layers associated with a possible loss of compliance and elasticity of the vessel wall were also noted. The average luminal area decreased to 56.8% ± 12.5% compared to comparable controls (p<0.005). The tunica intima was the most abnormal component of the arterial wall with cellular proliferation which was made up predominantly of collagen fibers and loose fibroblasts. These pathological findings are mainly due to myonecrotic changes and intimal proliferation with the resultant luminal constriction and CBF impairment which might explain the high incidence of cerebral infarction in cases of SAH.}, Keywords = {Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Cerebral Vasospasm, Intimal Pathology.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-29}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {TABRIZCHEE, H and MASOOMIAN, M and AHANI, F and ZARE, MS}, title = {THE PATTERN OF MALIGNANT TUMORS IN KERMAN PROVINCE}, abstract ={This investigation was done in Kennan from March 1989 to March 1993 to study the epidemiology of cancers in this province and to compare the results with a previous study performed in this area and some available statistics. A total number of 288 1 new cases of malignancy were registered and the crude relative frequency of cancers was studied. Gastric cancer with a frequency of 9.7%, malignant lymphoma with 8.8% and leukemia with 6.8% were the three most common malignancies in this province, excluding skin malignancy. Keywords: Cancer epidemiology, Gastric carcinoma, Malignant lymphoma, Breast carcinoma}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1041-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1041-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {RAFIEI, SEYYED MOHAMMAD}, title = {HOW PHYSICIANS MANAGE SEIZURE DISORDERS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: A PILOT STUDY}, abstract ={To see which medical specialties usually manage seizure disorders in infants and children, a random survey was done among 105 such patients referred. These patients were most frequently seen by a pediatrician (n= 44, 4 1.9%), general practitioner (n=34, 32.4%), and hospital house staff of general and pediatric emergency rooms (n= 2, 19%) in the area surveyed. A correct diagnosis of seizure disorder was achieved in 87.6% and 87.6% of the patients were managed correctly by various medical specialties. Several "seizure mimickers" were mistaken for seizure, i.e., breath holding spells, syncope and night terrors. It is concluded that various medical specialties are involved in the care of infants and children with seizure disorder, and further effort on the education of these specialties would avoid mis-management of such patients.}, Keywords = {Seizure disorder (SD), Breath-holding spells ( BHS), Syncope, Night terrors (NT)}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-17}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1040-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1040-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {BABADIZAVANDY, ESMAT and SEYYEDIALAVI, GHODSIH and CORDI, MASOMEH}, title = {THE EFFECT OF C ALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE PREVENTION OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGN ANCY IN NULLIPAROUS WOMEN}, abstract ={The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the effect of calcium supplementation in the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia) in nulliparous and high risk women. 300 pregnant women in the 24th week of gestation at the beginning of the study were entered into a double-blind randomized trial. 143 of them who had a positive roll-over test and hypocalciuria at the 28-32nd week of gestation were enrolled for the study. Subjects were assigned to receive 2 g per day of elemental calcium (52 women) or placebo (61 women) from the 28-32nd week of pregnancy until delivery. Results showed that 11.4% of calcium-treated subjects developed gestational hypertension, compared to 31.2% of the placebo group. The rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was also higher in the placebo group (35.6% vs 11.4%, p<0.01).}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-14}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1039-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1039-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {JAHANFAR, SHAYESTEH and EDEN, JOHN A. and WANG, XING L and WlLCKEN, DAVID E.L and NGUYEN, TUAN}, title = {THE EFFECT OF GENETIC AL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIPIDS: A TWIN STUDY}, abstract ={To assess the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors (particularly androgens) on circulating levels of lipid fractions, serum androgen and lipid fractions were measured in 34 pairs of female-female twins aged from 15- 45 years, some of whom were discordant for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed by ultrasound. Nineteen pairs were monozygotic twins (MZ) and 15 pairs were dizygotic twins (DZ). Five pairs of MZ and 6 pairs of DZ were discordant for scan-PC a. We measured serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TRIG), lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)], and apolipoprotein B (apo B). Also, testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and 3a-androstanediol glucuronide (3a-diol G) levels were measured. Transabdominal ultrasound was performed. Serum levels of TC, HDL-C, TRIG, LP(a) and apo B in the twins with PCO were not significantly different from the levels in their matched co-twins with normal ovaries. There were no significant correlations between androgen-hormones including T, DHEAS and 3a-diol G with any of the lipid measurements. Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with TRIG, LP(a) (both p<0.05) and negatively correlated with HDLC (p<0.001). SHBG was negatively correlated with TRIG and LP(a) and positively associated with HDL-C (p<0.05). Insulin was significantly correlated with TRIG (p<0.001) and negatively with HDL-C (p<0.01). The MZ intraclass correlation exceeded that of the DZ for all the lipid variables measured. The heritability estimates for LP(a), apo B, TC and HDL-C were 0.95, 0.56, 0.48 and 0.54, respectively. However, the intraclass correlation coefficient for TRIG was not significantly different between MZ and DZ but maximum likelihood analysis indicated that at least 10% of the variance of circulating TRIG concentration is determined by genetic factors. We conclude that twins discordant for pcas do not have significantly different lipid profiles. We were unable to show any significant effect of androgens on the lipid fractions measured. The results confirm that levels of LP(a), HDL-C, TC and apo B are under significant genetic control and that this is particularly so for LP(a). However, only 10% of the variation in TRIG levels could be attributed to genetic influences after controlling for age and obesity. Increase in BMI and insulin had a significant adverse effect on the lipid profile in these female twins, effects which may enhance coronary risk.}, Keywords = {Polycystic ovary syndrome, androgens. lipids, twin study.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {5-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1038-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1038-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {ZEINALOO, ALI AKBAR and SHAKIBI, JG and A. SHAH-MOHAMMADI, A}, title = {STUDY OF LATE POTENTIALS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AFTER OP EN HEART SURGERY}, abstract ={This study was conducted to assess the incidence of abnormalities of ventricular depolarization (late potentials) in children with sinus rhythm after open heart surgery and their relation to spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. Open heart surgery, particularly operations involving ventriculotomy, may predispose patients to the development of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Previous studies on children with right bundle branch block (RBBB) have shown that late potentials may be a risk factor for developing VT or VF following open heart surgery. After corrective surgery for congenital heart defects, scars may create fractionation and delay of the electrical signals in the heart muscle, providing a substrate for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. To find normal values of signal averaged EKG (SA-EKG) indices in children and their changes following open heart surgery, we studied 20 normal children and 20 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) following total correction of heart defects without ventriculotomy. All patients were in normal sinus rhythm and did not have RBBB. The mean age was 8.8±2.6 years for the control group and K 1±2.1 years for the operated patients. SA -EKG was performed for the operated group on the day before and on the 2nd and 4th days after operation. Noise level was less than 1 microvolt. The SA-EKG parameter values were as follows: control group: filtered QRS-duration 40Hz (F. QRS-d), 84.2±9.5 ms high frequency low amplitude signals (HFLA) , 18.9±9.5 ms rootmean square 40 (RMS 40), 181.0±89.4 µv patients: F.QRS-d, 97.2±19.3*, 116.4±21.2* and 122.2±220.4before operation, 2nd day post-op and 4th day post-op, respectively HFLA, 205±22.3, 8.9±7.0*, and 15.4±16.4ms,respectively RMS40, 146.4±11O.9,92.1±65.9,and 112.8±60.3, respectively. Values marked with an asterisk are statistically significant. Except for a significant difference between the QRS duration of normal children and pre-op values of operated patients (p<0.05), there was no remarkable difference between the SA-EKG values pre- and postoperatively. This study in which there was no RBBB, contrary to previous studies, shows that SA-EKG indices are not a predictive value for VT or VF postoperatively. Increased thickness of the ventricular myocardium may be a reason for the increased QRS duration before operation.}, Keywords = {Late potentials, Ventricular arrhythmias, Operated congenital heart defect in children, Signal-averaged electrocardiography.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1037-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1037-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {1998} }