@article{ author = {Javaherzadeh, Mojtaba and Najafbeygi, Arash and Kavyani, Ali and Heidari, Ataollah}, title = {Segmental volvulus of small intestine: report of a case with an innovative method of surgery}, abstract ={  Absract   Intestinal malrotation is a general term used for any deviation from normal embryonic GI tract rotations. This abnormality, denotes a spectrum of conditions (non rotation, incomplete rotation) that according to the severity of anatomic consequence, can result in complications found in infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood or old age. This article, reports another case of intestinal malrotation leading to acute midgut volvulus and intestinal obstruction with introducing a new surgical technique to prevent recurrent volvulus and a review of the literature.}, Keywords = { Intestinal malrotation, segmental volvulus, midgut volvulus.}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-0}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Dawood and Taheri, Hamid and Shariatzadeh, Hooman and Jamshidi, Khodamorad and Pahlevansabagh, Alirez}, title = {Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation of the ring finger: a case report and review of the literature}, abstract ={  Abstract   Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion is a rare osteocartilaginous lesion composed of a disorganized mixture of cartilage, bone, and fibrous tissue. In this article we report a case of BPOP arising on the proximal and middle phalanx of ring finger in a 31 year-old woman. The clinical, radiographic, MR imaging and histopathologic findings of it are described .The symptoms regressed spontaneously in 2 month after incisional biopsy.  }, Keywords = {benign tumor, phalanges, bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation,Nora\'s lesion.}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {46-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-133-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-133-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Haghi-Ashtiani, Bahram and Sina, Farzad and BenIsa, Fowzieh and Rohani, Mohamm}, title = {Progressive visual and hearing loss as looming manifestations of spinal meningeal melanocytoma}, abstract ={  Abstract   Meningeal melanocytoma is a rare tumor of nervous system, which originates from leptomeningeal   melanocytes. The locations of melanocytoma in the nervous system are most frequently in the posterior fossa or along the spinal cord, and usually appear as an extra-axial mass. The manifestations of tumor are most often due to its compressing effect on adjacent nervous structures that causes various neurological signs and symptoms depending on its locations. It may also cause superficial siderosis of the central nervous system [1]. In this case we describe another manifestation of this tumor which raised intracranial pressure and developed its neurological signs and symptoms. The patient was a 33-year old man with a two-year history of headache and tinnitus, transient diplopia, and had also a three- month history of   progressive bilateral visual and hearing loss. The medical investigations of the patient reveal   raised intracranial pressure (RICP) with a high concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal   fluid, and an extra-axial mass at the T11-12 level in magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal   cord. The patient underwent surgical removal of the tumor, in which the pathological study   characterized the tumor as a meningeal melanocytoma. After surgery the CSF pressure returned   to normal state, and its protein level decreased. The patient's hearing loss improved significantly but the visual defect did not change. Base on various causes of the RICP, especially when there is abnormality in CSF protein without any known cause, we must consider melanocytoma as a treatable cause, and thus in such patients, performing spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuble technique for diagnosis as well as investigation.    }, Keywords = {melanocytoma, spinal tumor, raised intracranial pressure}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {ParvareshRizi, Mansour and Alijani, Babak and Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Bakhti, Sahar}, title = {Anatomical situation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) from midcommissural point (MCP) in Parkinson\'s disease patients underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS): an MRI targeting study}, abstract ={  Abstract   Introduction: It is demonstrated that the degree of clinical improvement in   Parkinson's disease (PD) achieved by deep brain stimulation (DBS) is largely dependent   on the accuracy of lead placement. In addition, individual variability in the   situation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) is responsible for spatial inter-individual   fluctuations of the real patient's target.   Objective: Our study was aimed to identify the anatomic location of STN from   midcommissural point (MCP) in Iranian Parkinson's disease patients who underwent   DBS by means of a 3-dimentional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).   Methods: Forty-six patients with the PD were recruied as candidates for bilateral   implantation of STN-DBS (92 subthalamic nucleuses) were recruited. All these patients   had bilateral implantation at the same operation. DBS and MRI parameters including   the target coordinates (X, Y, Z) and the distances from MCP to the center of   STN in all three axes on both sides were reported and calculated for each patient.   Results: The location of STN was approximated by a site with 11 mm lateral, 3 mm   inferior and 3 mm posterior to the midcommissural point. This distance was significantly   lower in PD patients who aged >50 years in both right and left sides in the Y-axis   direction.   Conclusion: Our findings led to a considerable set of information which could   help neurosurgeons during DBS procedure in Iranian PD patients. Despite the differences observed between various population of PD patients in the anatomical location of STN, our results further depicted the clustration of active contact points in same region.}, Keywords = {Keywords: Parkinson\'s disease, deep brain stimulation (DBS), subthalamic nucleus (STN), midcommissural point (MCP), Anatomical situation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Foroughmand, Ali Mohammad and Haidari, Maryam and Galehdari, Hamid and Pooryasin, Atefeh and Kazeminejad, Seyed Reza and Hosseini, Shiva and Khajeh-Mogehi, Nahi}, title = {Association study between schizophrenia and the DISC1 gene polymorphism}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: The disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene, on the chromosome   position 1q42, was initially identified at the breakpoint of a balanced translocation,   t(1,11)(q42.1q14.3), which segregated with major mental disorders in a large   Scottish family.   Methods: Our samples included 200 unrelated patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia   on the basis of DSM-IV criteria and 200 normal controls, which were gathered   from Iran. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphism were determined   using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism   (PCR-RFLP) and the data were analyzed by Logistic Regression test.   Results: In this study we genotyped the rs821616 polymorphism (Serin704Cystein)   located within exon 11 of the DISC1 gene. The samples were matched on the basis   of sex and ethnicity. We used the case control study to determine the possible association between the ser704cys (rs821616) polymorphism and Schizophrenia. Analysis of data in the samples, revealed no association between the rs821616 polymorphism and Schizophrenia (OR= 0.697, 95% CI= 0.47-1.033, P=0.072).   Conclusion: In this study we did not find any association between the rs821616   SNPand schizophrenia.  }, Keywords = {association study, schizophrenia, DISC1 gene, rs821616, single nucleotide,polymorphism.}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Mohammad and Bayat, Mohamm}, title = {Effects of intermittent traction in patients with cervical osteoarthritis}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease occuring after middle age. Because of the high mobility of the neck, OA is common in the cervical spine. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of intermittent traction on patients with mild and moderate cervical OA. Therefore, 32 patients with cervical OA were recruited.   Methods: Aclinical trial study was designed for patients with cervical OA that were randomly assigned in two equal groups. Control group received a routine physical therapy protocol which included moist heat, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and an exercise for neck and shoulder girdle. Experimental group received a routine physical therapy protocol plus intermittent traction (IT).   Results: Pain and mobility improved in both groups. There was significant difference in   interaction of the improvement of cervical pain between the two groups, the rate of pain reduction sleep ease, medicine taking and range of motion (ROM) improvement in the experimental group were higher than that of the control group.   Conclusion: The results justify the efficacy of IT, therefore it can be concluded that the   IT is an effective modality for patients with mild and moderate cervical OA.  }, Keywords = {cervical mobility, intermittent traction, neck pain, numeric pain rating scale,osteoarthritis, physical therapy, range of motion}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Fateh, Roohollah and NasiriKashani, Mohammad Javad and Motevallian, Manijheh and Falahati, Mehraban and Yazdanparast, Amir}, title = {In vitro antifungal activity of Allium hirtifolium in comparison with miconazole}, abstract ={  Abstract   Objective: Shallots are important part of the diet for many people and there is   long-held belief in their health enhancing properties. The aim of this study was to determine antifungal activity of shallot against reference fungal strains.   Methods: Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of shallot (Allium hirtifolium) were   tested for in vitro antifungal activities against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus   flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium gryseogenum, Alternaria, Microsporum canis   and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)   was determined using broth macrodilution method. The effects of shallot extracts   were also compared with those of miconazole.   Results: Allium hirtifolium showed antifungal activity against all the   fungi species tested with MIC values ranging from 0.058 to 0.8 mg/ml for alcoholic   extract and 0.26 to 3.84 mg/ml for aqueous extract. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of alcoholic and aqueous extracts ranged from 0.1 to 12.8 mg/ml and 0.6 to 68.26mg/ml, respectively.   Conclusions: The results indicate that crude juice of shallot has antifungal activity   and might be promising, at least, in treatment of fungal-associated diseases from   mentioned fungi.  }, Keywords = {Allium hirtifolium, Miconazole, Aspergillus spp, Alternaria, Penicillium chrysogenum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-22}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {HajialilooSami, Sam and AltJafarbay, Mikail and RamezanShirazi, Mehdi and Gharati, Hajir}, title = {Evaluation of surgical treatment results in parosteal osteosarcoma}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Parosteal osteosarcoma is rare low-grade malignancy which arises   on the surface of the metaphysis of long bones it has a low propensity to metastasize.   Different surgical treatment options including marginal resection, wide resection   and amputation were recommended for the tumor. The purpose of the study was to   assess the results of different surgical treatment of the lesion.   Methods: Thirty five consecutive patients with parosteal osteosarcoma were   managed with four surgical techniques (Marginal resection, wide resection and prosthesis, wide resection and allograft application, and amputation) between 1378 -   1387, and the results were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients   when the surgery was performed was 30.37 (range, eleven to seventy one years), and   the mean duration of postoperative follow - up was 51 months (range, eight months to   ten years).   Results: The mean time between the onset of symptoms and initial physician encounter   was 15.98 months (range, 1.5 months to 60 months). None of the patients had   metastasis preoperatively while three pulmonary metastases were detected postoperatively. Six patients had regional tumor recurrence postoperatively. The mean time of the recurrence postoperatively was 18.8 months (range, nine months to forty eight months). Three of thirty five patients assessed in the study died of pulmonary metastasis. All had dedifferentiated grading with different staging (Two patients had a   stage of IIB and one with IIA). Medullary invasion was seen in one of them. One of   the three patients was treated with Indomethacin for two years due to the misdiagnosis   of myositis ossificans.   Conclusion: Wide resection of parosteal osteosarcoma produces a satisfactory   long - term out come. However, individually - based treatment should be selected for   each patient with parosteal osteosarcoma.  }, Keywords = {parosteal osteosarcoma, treatment,outcome}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Galehdari, Hamid and Ajam, Tahereh and Pooryasin, Atefeh and Foroughmand, Ali mohammad and Kazeminejad, Seyed rez}, title = {Combined effect of polymorphic sites in the DTNBP1 and GRIN1 genes on schizophrenia}, abstract ={    Abstract   Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder and numerous genes and loci   are beleived to be involved in this disease. Recent studies have reported a strong genetic association between DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin-binding protein 1) gene variants and schizophrenia.   Methods: In this research, we used a case-control study to establish the possible association between the P1635 (rs3213207) polymorphism in the DTNBP1 gene and schizophrenia in an Iranian cohort of 200 unrelated patients and 200 controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphism in the two groups were determined using   PCR-RFLP and the data analyzed using logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel chisquare tests.   Results: The additive effect of the P1635 polymorphism in DTNBP1 and the previously   reported G1001C polymorphism in the GRIN1 gene were investigated. Analysis of data   revealed a strong association between the P1635 polymorphism and schizophrenia   (AG genotype: OR=0.39, 95% CI= 0.24-0.62, P<0.001).   Conclusion: Our results indicated that the coexistence of the Aand C alleles from the   two polymorphisms, P1635 and G1001C, increase the risk for schizophrenia.  }, Keywords = {schizophrenia; DTNBP1 gene; dysbindin; NMDA receptor; GRIN1 gene;association study}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {5-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Moosavy, Seyed Hamid and Froutan, Hosein and Andrabi, Yasir and Masoodi, Mohse}, title = {Ethical aspect in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Iran}, abstract ={    Abstract   Background: Gastroenterologists are required to obtain consent before undertaking   any endoscopic examination. Published data indicate that in practice there are many deficiencies in this process. The aim of this survey was to determine the quality of information given to patients before the endoscopic procedures in Iran .   Methods: A structured questionnaire about patient's informed consent before endoscopy was used. In the 3rd Iranian international congress of gastroenterology and hepatology , 100 endoscopists (gastroenterologist or internist) participated in this study regarding the quality of informed consent .   Results: 90% of these physicians were male and 57% of them worked in Tehran (capital of Iran). The distribution of positive answers were as follow :   Detailed information regarding the nature of the endoscopic procedure provided to the   patient, 91% the sufficient time to ask questions about the nature of the procedure, 82% alternative diagnostic tests or treatment explained to the patient, 73% patient informed about the possible complications of the proposed procedure, 32% the patient informed about the mortality rate of the proposed endoscopic procedure, 15% .   Conclusion: Although information about the procedure is given to the patients in 91%   of the procedure, endoscopic practice must respect the ethical aspects of medicine and   more attention need to be paid to informed consent and patient's information, especially   about potential procedure- related complication and mortality .  }, Keywords = {Ethics, endoscopy, gastroenterology}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hooman, Nakysa and Hallaji, Farideh and Jahangiri, Fariba and Mostafavi, Seyed Hass}, title = {Huge obstructive bladder diverticula and cystic dysplastic kidneys in a newborn: a challenging dilemma}, abstract ={AbsractThis study investigated a 63-day boy with end stage renal disease and abdominalcysts. The antenatal sonography detected anhydraminos, posterior urethral valve,and cystic dysplastic kidneys. Voiding cystourethrogram revealed two obstructivegiant diverticula which at first looked like enlarged renal pelvis. The patient had persistenturinary tract infection and perforation of diverticula. The dialysis was ineffectivebecause of leakage, immeasurable inflow and dwell volume, peritonitis and tunnelinfection. As a result, the availability of automated peritoneal dialysis for infantsis recommended to reduce morbidity and increasing the survival rate. Nonethelessthe giant bladder diverticules might be better managed by diverticulectomy procedure.}, Keywords = {congenital bladder diverticula, cystic renal dysplasia, end stage renal,disease anhydraminos, prenatal diagnosis, urinary tract infection}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-114}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Molaei, Mahsa and Yadollahzadeh, Mahdi and Mashayekhi, Reza and Foroutan, Mojgan and Zali, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Gastritis cystica polyposa in an unoperated stomach, treated by endoscopic polypectomy}, abstract ={AbsractGastritis cystic polyposa is a rare and peculiar polypoid lesion arising at a gastroenterostomysite, and almost always on the gastric side. It is characterized by elongationof the gastric foveolae along with hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of the gastricglands extending into the submucosal layer. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in a47-year-old woman without any history of gastric operation revealed a pedunculatedpolyp approximately 2 cm in diameter, in a background of erythematous gastric foldsalong the anterior wall of the fundus. Polypectomy was performed, with endoscopicimpression of hyperplastic or fundic gland polyp, without any complications.Histopathological findings were consistent within gastritis cystic polyposa(GCP). Amild Helicobacter pylori colonization in gastric pits was seen. GCP could occur in anunoperated stomach and treated by endoscopic polypectomy. However, removal andhistopathologic confirmation of these lesions are necessary.}, Keywords = {Gastric polyp, gastritis cystica polyposa, endoscopic polypectomy,H.pylori}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {107-109}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Khoshnevis, Jalaluddin and Tadayon, Niki and NajafBeygi, Arash}, title = {Abdominal tuberculosis presenting with peritonitis and enteroliths: report of a rare case and literature review}, abstract ={AbsractWe are presenting a case of abdominal tuberculosis who had peritonitis and twolarge enteroliths were removed from the small intestine during laparotomy. Followinga full course of medical treatment, she developed small bowel obstruction andtreated by laparotomy & enterolysis but showed no evidence of stricture. We had adiagnostic and management challenge which will be discussed along with a reviewof the literature.}, Keywords = {abdominal tuberculosis, stricture, enterolith.}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {103-106}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Entezami, Kobra Z and khosravi, Arezo and Mousavi, Tahereh and Bahar, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes following thermal injury in patients}, abstract ={AbstractBackgroundcontributes substantially to patient morbidity and mortality.In this study we investigatedthe range and distribution of T-lymphocyte. Subsets CD3helper/inducer cell,.th ), CD8: Severe immunosuppression occurs after large thermal burn and probably+ (T cells) CD4+ (T+ (T suppressor /Cytotoxic cells ,TS/C), CD3+CD4thermal injury.+/CD3+CD8+ ratio, CD19+ (B cells) and CD16+ (NK cells ) in patiens followingMethodsstudied.The total body surface area of the burn injury, ranged from 30 to >70%. Wholeblood samples were collected at three and seven days postburn. Partec flowcytometrysystem and triple color flowcytometry reagents (Dako Co), were used to evaluate peripheralblood lymphocytes population of patients admitted at the Motahary Burn Centerin Tehran.: Forty male, aging 18-60 years with major thermal injury wereResultsreduction in relative number of CD3postburn.CD4range in seven days following injury. CD19burn patients at both three and seven days. The number of CD16declined in three days and moderately increased on day seven, following injury.Thus, the data showed that thermal burn injury suppressed T-lymphocyte subsets proliferationin various days .In addition, all compartments of showed phenotypic changesin the 3th and seventh days after burn, in different groups of age. Thermal burn injurysuppressed T cell subsets proliferation on day 3 and 7 postburn, when compared to normalcontrols. (P <0.05) at 3 and 7 days post burn.: Compare to healthy controls, patients with burns have shown a significant+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at three and seven adys+/CD8+ ratio were below normal range in three days and remained in normal+ B cell populations were elevated in+ NK cells were significantlyConclusionfactor in immunosuppression and development of sepsis in thermal burn patients.: Significant changes in lymphocytes population could be an important}, Keywords = {Burn, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {96-102}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hassani, Valiollah and Zafarghandi, Maryam and Farhadi, Mohamm}, title = {The LMACTrach, a new approach for endotracheal intubation: Apilot study in 100 patients undergoing elective surgery}, abstract ={AbstractBackgroundand endotracheal intubation under direct vision in both anticipated and unexpecteddifficult intubation situations.: The LMA CTrach system is a new device for airway managementMethodsdifferent types of elective surgeries. After randomly selecting the patients for intubationwith this new device, the airway characteristics, height, weight, dental overbiteand thyromental distance were all evaluated before induction. Our goal was to exploreprimarily the success rate of intubation with LMACTrach.: We used this system in 100 patients undergoing general anesthesia forResultsall 100 patients. Nonetheless, successful tracheal intubation was performed in 95 patients.Among our patients, 2 had Mallampati grade IV airways with short necks,body mass index (BMI) > 30, and without the capability to bite their upper lips.Amazingly both patients were intubated with this method, proving a device as an assuringapproach in cases of difficulty with ventilation and intubation. Of all patients,44 were females and 56 males. The mean age was 34 ± 2 years. BMI measured for allpatients was 20-25 except for two cases who had BMI > 30.: We were able to insert LMA CTrach and provide optimal ventilation inConclusionand vocal cords during intubation even in difficult cases, it can be assumed that thisdevice is a precious aid as equal as fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the anesthesiologists.: Since the LMA CTrach provided us with direct view of the larynx}, Keywords = {LMACTrach, intubation, airway characteristics, Mallampati grade}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {88-95}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Ahmadkhaniha, Hamid Reza and Hakimshooshtari, Mitra and Mohammadian, Mehrdad and Naserbakht, Morteza and Ghazaiepour, Farz}, title = {Street children in Tehran and risk factors for substance abuse}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Economy, lack of welfare and social services, AIDS and civil war, and also substance abuse are predominant factors that attributes with street children.   Method: 576 street children of 10-19 years were evaluated. Data were gathered by demographic and substance use check list. Theses check lists were designed by the researchers and included some simple question about type and duration of substance use. Several psychiatrists confirmed the content of check list.   Results: 36.7% of the children had lifetime smoking of cigarette. The frequency of   smoking in boys was significantly higher than girls (P<0.05). The mean age of the girls with smoking habit was significantly lower than the boys (P<0.05).   Conclusion: It should be noted that street children are at high risk group for using tobacco. Theses children are also exposed to the dangerous behaviors and sexually transmitted   diseases.  }, Keywords = {street children, substance use and Iran}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mollahoseini, Reza and Khajoo, Ashkan and Habibollahi, Peim}, title = {Evaluation of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction regarding ventricular catheter placement}, abstract ={AbstractBackgroundline of treatment for management of hydrocephalus despite available new techniques andsystems of shunting. Associated complications should be recognized and managed properly,but the most recognized complications are shunt obstruction which its prevalencethrough surgical approach is discussed here. Two approaches (frontal and parietal) are usedto insert ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In this study we retrospectively examined patterns ofshunt failure in patients with symptoms of shunt malfunction. Factors analyzed includedsite of failure, time from shunt placement or last revision of failure, age of patient at time offailure, infection and primary etiology of hydrocephalus. Two approaches were comparedto determine which one is more associated with shunt failure.: Shunting procedures specifically ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the mainMethodsretrospectively examined, in 126 cases who were shunted through frontal approach, 48 casesand in 124 patients whose shunts were inserted through parietal approach 64 cases ofmalfunction observed. All data was analyzed with SPSS software and with T-test,and thenthe failure rate for frontal versus parietal approach was compared.: 250 patients with symptoms of shunt malfunction over 4 years period wereResultsof underlying cause of ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure was observed, with theless failure rates through frontal approach.: Significant difference in malfunction rate between these two approaches regardlessConclusionshunt failure and frontal approach demonstrated less failure rate, but as it isknown placing the catheter tip away from the choroids plexus is the most important factoravoiding obstruction.: Although proximal obstruction is the most common cause of ventriculoperitoneal}, Keywords = {Hydrocephalus, ventriculoperitoneal shunt complication, CSF shunt devices}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-82}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Labbafinejad, Yasser and Mohammadi, Saber and Attarchi, MirSaeed and Aghilinejad, Mashallah}, title = {Hearing impairment due to cigarette smoking and simultaneous exposure to occupational noise}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background : Noise is the most common hazard in the workplace and noise induced   hearing loss considered to be the most common occupational disease as well.   Cigarette smoking, in some studies, has been known to induce hearing loss. The purpose   of this study was to evaluate the effect of contemporary exposure to occupational   noise and cigarette smoking on hearing.   Methods : 478 assembly workers of an automobile plant which were exposed to   the noise more than TLV (threshold limit value) level included in this study. After   considering the exclusion criteria, all participants according to the smoking status   were divided in smoker and nonsmoker groups and compared for hearing impairment.   Hearing impairment in this study was assessed with the offered method of   American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO).   Results : Of 478 assembly workers, 225 persons were smokers and others non   smokers. Prevalence of hearing impairment in smokers was significantly higher   (p<0.001). Hearing impairment had a significant relation with smoking status even   after adjusting for cofounders like age and duration of work (OR=8.23, 95%   CI=3.63-18.66).   Conclusion : The results of this study suggested that cigarette smokers had more   hearing impairment than non smokers. According to these results we concluded that   in working environments, especially in noisy ones, workers must be encouraged to   quit smoking and regular audiometric tests, especially for smokers, must be applied.   We must consider not only the noise, but indeed all effective elements of hearing impairment   in working environment that could compromise the hearing.  }, Keywords = {Hearing impairment, cigarette smoking, noise}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {72-78}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Sorkhi, Hadi and BakhshandehBali, Mohammad Kazem and Nooreddini, Haji Ghorb}, title = {Randomized clinical trial of sedation with oral midazolam for voiding cystourethrography in Children}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) is a distressing procedure   for children. Conscious sedation with any drug that its dose would not influences the   procedure is preferred. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of conscious sedation using oral midazolam in children undergoing VCUG.   Methods: From November 2008 to October 2009 period, 93 Patients (68 girls and   25 boys), age ranging from 24 months to 11 years old (mean, 5.8 years) were double   blindly randomized to receive a placebo (water) or oral midazolam before the examination. The primary outcome measures were patients' cooperation, facility of the procedure, 48 hours post procedure memory of children, bladder urine residue and   detection of Vesocoureteral reflex. The data were analysed by SPSS and categorical   variables compared using t-test and continuous variables compared using Chi.   Square and Fisher’s exact tests.   Results: 93 children were randomizly divided in two groups. In midazolam   group, 44(93.6%) patients had good cooperation but in the control group 26(56.5%)   had bad cooperation and 19 patients (41.3%) very bad cooperation (P=0.000). In midazolam group, 36 children (76.6%) had easy separation from their parents but in   control group 20 children (43.5%) had moderate resistant and 21(45.7%) severe resistant. (P=0.000). Eighteen (38 %) patients of the study group and twenty patients   (43 %) of control group had VUR respectively (P=0.65).   Conclusion: According to this study, midazolam is a useful sedation in children   undergoing VCUG.  }, Keywords = {conscious sedation, midazolam, pediatric radiology, urinary tract infection,voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {67-71}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Noori-daloii, Mohammad Reza and Alivand, Mohammad Reza and Atef-Vahid, Parisa and Hashemi-Gorji, Feyzollah and Hashemi, Mehr}, title = {Polymorphism analysis of malaria susceptibility biomarkers in G6PD deficiency patients}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Several studies suggested that some traits and polymorphisms in human genome such as G6PD deficiency and other genes have protective effects on susceptibility to malaria infection .   Methods: In present study we investigated the prevalence of TNF [1] -244GgA, TNF [1] -   308 GgA,TNF [1] -238GgA, NOS2-954GgC, MBL54GgA, MBL 57GgA, MBL IVSI -   5 GgA polymorphisms and G6PD variants (Mediterranean, Chatham, Cosenza, A -   (202,376) in 315 subjects with G6PD deficiency and 10 malaria patient. All the 315 subjects were selected from five provinces (Fars, Khuzestan, Esfahan, Yazd and Kerman and screened by PCR-RFLP method .   Results: The NOS2-954GgA consisted GG(40.31%), GC(53.01%), and CC(6.66% )   where as TNF [1] -308 consisted GG(68.8%), AG(31.11% ) contents. The TNF [1] -244   showed GG(94.60%), AG(5.39%) genotypes and the TNF [1] -238 had GG(92.69% ),   AG(6.66%), AA(0.63%) genotypes. The MBL54 polymorphism had GG(75.55%), AG (24.44%), AA(0.63%) genotypes. In MBL 57, had GG(95.23%), AG(4.76%), AA (0.63%) genotypes. The G6PD variants was indicated that Mediterranean mutation in Fars, Khuzestan, Esfahan, Yazd and Kerman provinces was 79.4%, 58%, 83/8%, 64% and 63% respectively and also, the Chatham mutation was 8.8%, 8% 4.5%,3.6% and 0% respectively. Analysis of other four mutations (Cosenza, Arures and A-202 and A-367 ) showed that none of them had those mutations .   Conclusion: Our results suggested that genotypes which causes protection against   malaria or reduction of risk for celebral malaria and death has the maximum prevalence in samples taken from the five provinces, but in the kolmogorov-smiranov test results, only NOS2-954GgC supported the theory of relation between these polymorphisms and protection against malaria .  }, Keywords = {G6PD, Polymorphism, PCR-RFLP, TNF􀁄, MBL2, NOS2, Mediterranean,}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-66}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Asadi-Lari, Mohsen and Vaez-Mahdavi, Mohammad R and Faghihzadeh, Soghrat and Montazeri, Ali and Farshad, Ali A and Kalantari, Nasser and Maher, Ali and Golmakani, Mohammad M and Salehi, Gholam H and Motevallian, S. Abbas and Malek-Afzali, Hossei}, title = {The application of urban health equity assessment and response tool (Urban HEART) in Tehran concepts and framework}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Inequalities in health are ever increasing among different communities   of either affluent or disadvantaged especially in urban areas. To identify and address inequalities in health and its determinants among societies, urban health equity assessment and response tool (Urban HEART) in four 'policy domains' related to social determinants of health, has been developed by WHO Kobe Centre (WKC) and piloted in several countries. The tool was extended to six policy domains in Tehran and the number of indicators was doubled. This paper describes the concept of Urban HEART, its development, study protocol and pilot implementation in Tehran.   Methods/Design: Sixty five indicators in 6 domains related to inequalities in health   and social determinants of health (SDH) namely 'physical and infrastructure', 'human and social', 'economic', 'governance', 'health', and 'nutrition', were developed and approved in an international workshop held in Tehran in April 2008. Acomprehensive questionnaire with 12 sections was developed to be administered in a large population based survey in Tehran.   Discussion: This is the first report of urban health equity assessment and response tool (Urban HEART) project which was conducted in Tehran. Year 2010 has been devoted to 'Urbanisation and Health' by the World Health Organisation, when 1000 cities are supposed to join a global plan to raise health in the urban areas. The Urban HEART project is supposed to play an important role henceforth.}, Keywords = {health inequality, urban HEART, social determinants of health}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {175-185}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-195-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Nasiri, Shirzad and Hedayat, Anushiravan and Malekzadeh, Reza and Khorgami, Zhamak and Sodagari, Nassim}, title = {Prophylactic gastrectomy in familial gastric cancer: case report and review of literature}, abstract ={  Absract   Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of   cancer death. Most cases are sporadic and only 10% of patients, show familial clustering. Among these patients, 1 to 3 % have hereditary diffuse gastric cancer   (HDGC), which is autosomal-dominant and present in younger ages. Mutations in Ecadherin gene CDH1 has been identified in 30 to 50% of patients. Because endoscpoic surveillance is not effective in identifying early HDGC, gene-directed prophylactic gasterectomy is recommended for CDH1 muta-tion carriers. But in most carriers who underwent prophylactic ga-strectomy, histological examinations on the resected stomach revealed foci of diffuse gastric cancer. It shows that gasterectomy   could be curative instead of prophylactic in these cases. Individuals from families   with HDGC should be recommended to genetic testing and in patients that have a   CDH1 gene mutation, total gasterectomy is in-dicated. We are presenting a 27 year   old patient with striking history of familial gastric cancer and positive E-cadherin   gene mutation who underwent prophylactic gasterectomy.  }, Keywords = {CDH1 mutations, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, prophylactic total gastrectomy}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {169-174}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Azar, Maziar and Kazemi, Farid and Bahrami, Eshagh and Hejazian, Ebrahim and Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Ahmadi, Ali and Yasari, Masih}, title = {Meningeal melanomas associated with transforming Ota nevus to malignant melanoma: a case report}, abstract ={  Absract   Intracranial invasion of cellular blue nevus (CBN) from the skin is extremely rare   and such a condition with malignant transformation is even rarer. A case of   meningeal melanoma with malignant transformation which was derived from an Ota   nevus is presented in this report.   A21-year-old man with a neurocutaneous syndrome since childhood was referred   with headache and mild left hemiparesia. CT scan and MRI demonstrated intracranial   lesions and conjunctival biopsy leads to the pathologic diagnosis of blue nevus.   Thereafter his parietal lesion was operated by craniotomy with total gross excision.   On histopathological examination, diagnosis of malignant melanoma was confirmed.   Approximately 2 months after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, he afflicted to   diplopia and blurred vision on the leftside due to enlargement of orbital and cavernous   sinus lesion. Following one year follow-up, he was survived and thrived with   diffuse leptomeningeal nodular enhancement in favor of melanoma dissemination.   Primary intracranial melanomas are though rare, but it should be suspected especially   in the presence of periorbital blue nevus or nevus of Ota. Moreover, although CBN   is considered benign, scalp or periorbital CBN has the potential for intracranial invasion and malignant transformation.}, Keywords = {Meningeal Melanomas, Ota nevus, Malignancy}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {163-168}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Shahali, Shadab and Kashanian, Maryam and Azari, Afsaneh and Salehi, Rez}, title = {Effects of pelvic floor muscle exercises on quality of life outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence}, abstract ={ Absract  Background: Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem in the middleaged  women and can affect their quality of life. This study evaluated the effects of  pelvic floor muscle exercise on quality of life outcomes in women with stress urinary  incontinence .  Methods: After baseline evaluation, 50 women were assigned for this clinical trial .  Participants were instructed to do pelvic floor muscle exercises for 3 months and  their quality of life measured before and 3 months after intervention .  Results: forty-six women completed the trial. Significant difference in the quality  of life scores (P<0.0001) were noted in women with stress urinary incontinence, after   12 weeks .  Conclusion: 12 weeks of pelvic floor muscle exercises significantly improved  quality of life outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence .  }, Keywords = {Quality Of Life, I_QOL questionnaire, pelvic floor muscle exercises,stress urinary incontinence.}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {159-162}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Maghsoudi, Behzad and Tariq, Shojaolhagh and Hashemi, Seyed Basir and Kaviani, Masou}, title = {The effect of cuffed endotracheal tube on respiratory complication following adenotonsillectomy in children}, abstract ={ Abstract  Background: Uncuffed endotracheal tube(ETT) were considered for children less than 8 years. Meanwhile, aspiration around ETT in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy is concerned.We compared cuffed versus uncuffed ETT regarding respiratory complications following adenotonsillectomy.  Methods: 128 children aged 2-8 yr were divided to two groups of 64 each. Uncuffed and cuffed tubes were used respectively in the uncuffed (UG) and cuffed (CG) groups. Anesthesia was routinely performed in a identical pattern in all patients. The number of attempts to reach the appropriate tube size was recorded. After extubation, the patients observed for the occurrence of cough, hypoxemia, and stridor.  Results: Less reintubation attempts were needed in the CG (p.value=0.002). In the UG, 31.3% and in the CG 10.9% had some respiratory complications (P.value=0.009). The change of the initial tube had significant effect on the occurrence of croup and stridor (P.value= 0.000).  Conclusion: The use of cuffed tube in 2-8 yr, could lower the incidence of respiratory  complications following adenotonsillectomy. It also decreases the number of intubation attempts needed to reach the appropriate tube size.    }, Keywords = {Adenotonsillectomy, tracheal intubation, cough, hypoxemia,stridor, ndotracheal tube, cuff, postoperative}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {151-158}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Nafarzadeh, Shima and Moshref, Mohammad and MashhadiAbbass, Fatemeh and MohammadTaheri, Zohreh and PoorsattarBejehMir, Arash}, title = {Predictive value of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and laminin-5 for clinicopathologic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) staging and grading in Iranian population}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constitutes the main oral malignancy .   Parallel to better understanding of molecular and genetic patterns of tumor behavior, more precise correlation of tumor markers such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Laminin-5 are sought to estimate macroscopic and microscopic tumor status .   Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study collecting oral SCC samples during   2006-2007 from Pathology Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School. Mmunohistochemical staining with antibodies against EGFR and laminin-5 along with staining degree were reported by two experienced pathologist including degree of staining (low, medium , high), and pathological grading and clinical staging obtained from medical records .   Results: Forty two patients' paraffin blocks of SCC examined with mean age 58( 18.72 ) yrs ranged between 21-88, female to male ratio of 1.33:1 was observed. The study analyses revealed a significant correlation between the expression of laminin-5 with tumor stage and grade (P< 0.001 r=0.547 and r=0.545 respectively), yet no significant correlation between expression of EGFR and tumor stage or grade (P=0.894 r=-0.018 and P=0.543 r=0.86 respectively). Considering high degree of staining and stage IV sensitivity, specifity , positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 44%, 54%, 44% and 78% calculated for ERGF and 55%, 78%, 58% and 86% for laminin-5 respectively . Considering high degree of staining and grade 3 sensitivity, specifity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 57%, 57%,17% and 86% calculated for EGFR and 85%, %82, 50% and 96% for Laminin-5 respectively .   Conclusion: We concluded that laminin-5 has a better prediction for developing higher tumor stage or grade but further research needed for identifying the precise role of EGFR .}, Keywords = {Epidermal growth factor, laminin-5, SCC, stage, grade, negative predictive value}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {146-150}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-190-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-190-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {NasrEsfahani, Mehdi and AfkhamEbrahimi, Azizeh and Birashk, Behrouz and Faraji, Serveh and Aghebati, Asm}, title = {The frequency and pattern of substance use in outpatients of general hospitals}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Patients with addictions have many acute and chronic medical illnesses, both related and unrelated to their addictions. In spite of high incidence of   substance-related disabilities, substance abuse is usually underdiagnosed in general   hospitals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the frequency and pattern of substance use in patients with different medical complaints.   Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study , 1000 outpatients, aged 17 and   older with various medical complaints were participated. The patients were attending   neurology, ENT, nephrology, ophthalmology, cardiology, orthopedic, gastroenterology, surgical and dermatology clinics of four selected general hospitals. A 93 item clinicians-made scale, Rapid Situation Assessment of Drug Abuse in Iran, was used in this survey, and 30 items which focused on drug use were selected.   Results: 8.7% of the patients reported lifelong or recent substance use and Opium   was the most used substance, reported by 65.5% of the patients. Patients of neurology   ,ophthalmology and orthopedic clinics showed the highest consumption . Smoking   and injestion were the most frequent routes of substance used and the most reported   pattern of use were 2 or 4 times a day and once a week.   Conclusions: The current cohort of substance users were relatively young, and   many had reported detectable nervous system and orthopedic complications. Further   research must investigate -their outcomes in the long term.}, Keywords = {substance use, general hospitals, outpatients, opium, pattern of substance use}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {140-145}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-189-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-189-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Dawood and Nozarnejad, Pouy}, title = {Areview of Dupuytren\'s contracture in 43 hands: assessment of the nature and result after fasciectomy}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background: Dupuytren's disease is a fibroproliferative disorder of the palmar fascia   that can result in disabling contractures of the digits. When function is impeded or deformity is disabling, surgical intervention can be considered, wherein a major problem is recurrence ( reported up to 74%). Although, the disease occurs predominantly in men of northern European, there are very few reports from African and Asian populations, especially from our country which may follow from the low prevalence in these areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the Dupuytren's disease and the recurrence rate after fasciectomy .   Methods: A hospital-based and cohort study design was used to recruit patients. Data   were gathered from the medical records and follow-up interviews with average 3 years ( ranges from 1 to 8 years), from all patients who underwent fasciectomy in our hospital from 1370 to 1388 .   Results: 29 patients (with 43 involved hands) have been admitted for surgical correction of Dupuytren's disease. Disease is more common (90% of cases) and appears significantly earlier in men. Right hand involves in 28% of the patients, left hand in 24% and both hands in 48%. The ring and the little fingers are involved most frequently. Association of Dupuytren's disease with the following factors was found: Manual labor in 68.97%, smoke in 31.03%, diabetes in 24.14%, alcohol in 17.24%, and epilepsy in 13.79%. The most common grade was found to be the grade II by using Tubiana's grade. Two patients with ectopic sites of the disease were found. The recurrence rate after fasciectomy in our patients is 9.38% (3 of 32 operated hands). From the recurrence risk factors, only bilateral disease involvement revealed to be significant in our patients .   Conclusion: Manifestations, pattern and severity of the disease were nearly comparable to those observed in the published studies, except for a lower prevalence rate and lower recurrence rate in our findings which are higher in the most studies. It seems that, the reason for this difference include genetics, pathogensis and other factors which may cause the disease and are still unclear .}, Keywords = {Dupuytren\'s disease, contracture, prevalence, recurrence, fasciectomy}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {133-139}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Izadi, Poopak and Yarmohammadi, Mohammad-ebrahim and Kholdi, Nahid and Izadi, Babak and Anari, Sasan and Sedehi, Mortez}, title = {Effect of oral supplementation of zinc on treatment of otitis media with effusion}, abstract ={  Abstract   Objective: To determine the effect of oral zinc sulfate supplementation given with   coamoxiclav when compared with coamoxiclav alone for treatment of otitis media   with effusion (OME). The efficacy of the drug was assessed 3 and 6 weeks after administration .   Methods: In a double-blind, randomized trial 4 to 14 years old children with OME   who referred to ear, nose and throat clinic, were randomly assigned into two groups :   1) Zinc group: Zinc sulfate + Coamoxiclav + Pseudoephedrine + Nacl nasal drop   2) Placebo group: Placebo + Coamoxiclav + Pseudoephedrine + Nacl nasal drop .   Atotal of 52 children were studied consisting zinc group 29 and placebo group 23   children. Children were examined by otoscopy and tympanometry at entry and after   3 weeks of treatment. For children who had not been cured completely after 3 weeks ,   treatment continued for more 3 weeks (total of 6 weeks ( .   Results: At the end of the first course of treatment (3 weeks) 62.1% of children in   the zinc group had clinical improvement compared with 43.5% of children in placebo   group. Tympanometrically, 70.9% of children in zinc group had improvement   compared with 65.5% for placebo group with no statistically significant difference .   There was no significant difference between the two groups at the end of second   course of treatment (6 weeks). But the response rate of zinc group was better than the   placebo group (43.8% versus 12.5% clinically and 56.3% versus 40% tympanometricall). Zinc administration and cycles of treatment had no significant relationship .   Conclusion: Although in this study oral zinc sulfate supplementation had not significant effect on treatment of OME, the response rate was better in zinc group compared to placebo group specially in longer administration . According to the findings, it seems more studies about oral zinc supplementation   in the treatment of OME is needed .}, Keywords = {supplementation of zinc, otitis media with effusion, tympanometry}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {126-132}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-187-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-187-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mohaddes, Seyed Mojtaba and Shargh, Shohreh and Tagavi, Simi}, title = {Comparison of classical cytogenetics versus interphase FISH in diagnosis of mosaic form of Turner syndrome}, abstract ={ Abstract  Background: Mosaic form of turner syndrome that represented by two or more  cell lines in an affected individual, often has limitation for detection with classical  cytogenetic methods. The present study was carried out to compare the efficiency of  interphase Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) and cytogenetic techniques in  detection of mosaic form of turner syndrome.  Methods: All candidate samples for turner syndrome were surveyed with both interphase FISH using DXZ1 as a chromosome X specific probe and the GTG- banding methods. The chi square test was used and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as being significant.  Results: Asignificant difference was observed between results obtained from the  application of the two methods under study (P<0.05), indicating that the interphase  FISH is favourably compares to conventional cytogenetics in detection of mosaic  form of X chromosome aneuploidy, as an extended number of cells can be scored in a  limited time.  Conclusion: The results indicate that using the two techniques in parallel allow accurate differentiation between mosaicism and homogenous aneuploidy of X chromosome, and thus both numerical and structural aberrations of the X will be analyzed.}, Keywords = {Turner syndrome, mosaicism, FISH, clasical cytogenetics}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {121-125}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Laribi, Bahareh and Bakhshayesh, Masuomeh and Nourbakhsh, Samileh and Ghabaee, Mojdeh and Ghaffarpour, Majid and Shekarabi, Mehdi and Zarnani, Amir Hass}, title = {Comparison of Epstein Barr virus antibodies and Tcell cytokines production in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals}, abstract ={    Abstract   Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of central nervous system with destruction of myelin sheath mediated by auto reactive CD4+ T Lymphocytes. Because of the possible role of Epstein-Barr virus in etiology of MS and T cells immune response, the aim of this study was to evaluate anti-Epstein Barr virus antibodies as a marker of reactivity and production of TH1 and TH2 cytokines in MS patients and healthy individuals.   Methods: Blood samples were taken from 68 MS patients at different stages of diseases and 20 apparently healthy individuals and plasma levels of anti- EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) antibodies determined and concentrations of IFN- [1] , IL-12 and IL-4 in culture supernatants of PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured by ELISA.   Results: The mean levels of anti EBNA-1 and VCAantibodies were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p=0.04, p=0.001 respectively). Concentrations of IFN- [1] , IL-4 & IL-12 were also significantly higher in MS patients than healthy individuals (p=0.001, p=0.005, p=0.002, respectively). Significant correlation was found between anti EBNA-1 and VCAantibodies and IL-12 production (p =0.02, r=0.27; p=0.04, r=0.25, respectively) whereas no significant correlation was found between these antibodies and production of IFN- [1] or IL-4.   Conclusions: Due to elevated level of anti-EBV antibodies and T cell Cytokines in MS patients Rather than healthy individuals, Epstein Barr virus may play role in etiology of MS disease through activation of T cells immune response.}, Keywords = {Multiple sclerosis, Epstein Barr virus, Anti- EBNA-1, Anti-VCA, Cytokine, TH1.}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {115-125}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Badakhsh, Mohammad Hosain and Taftachi, Farrokh and Kheshti, Fateme and Dadkhah, Faride}, title = {A rare case of bilateral pelvic mass}, abstract ={ Absract A case of 69- year-old woman with large pelvic mass and ascites is reported in this paper. With the exception of mild pelvic pain and a Pelvic mass in pelvic , she had no symptom or sign . All routine and hormonal Lab tests and tumor marker's were normal. The MRI revealed a large mass in anterosuperior of uterus, and left ovary was situated in neighborhood of pelvic mass.Her Uterus normal, with a small cyst in the right ovary. The total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy revealed a large cream solid mass (16×8× 8 Cm, 1260 gr) in the left ovary .Nonetheless the right ovary had normal appearance with a cyst (3×2.5Cm). There was some free fluid in the pelvic cavity. The ovarian mass was identified as fibrothecoma, the right ovarian cyst as serous cystadenoma, but no malignant cells found in free fluid. This case had interesting features, because first clinical features suggested a bilateral malignancy in pelvic, but she had two different tumors which were benign. Also, the occurrence of bilateral fibrothecoma and serous cystadenoma were rare . Furthermore, we did find no similar case in the literature.}, Keywords = {Serous tumors, fibrothecoma, bilateral ovarian tumors, pelvic mass}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {246-249}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shariatzadeh, Hooman and Jafari, Davood and RamezanShirazi, Mehdi and GhorbanHoseini, Mohamm}, title = {Trans-scaphoid and trans-capitate perilunate fracture-dislocation of the wrist with concomitant ipsilateral fractures: a case report}, abstract ={AbsractAll perilunate fracture-dislocations combine bone avulsions, ligament disruptionand fractures in different forms. The most frequent pattern is the dorsal transscaphoidperilunate fracture-dislocation. The reported risk of missed initial diagnosisin perilunate dislocations is as high as 20%. Concerning pathomechanics of theperilunate fracture-dislocation, it should be noted that most dorsal injuries usually resultfrom a fall on the outstretched hand or motor vehicle accidents although othermechanisms are also mentioned. We describe here a case of dorsal trans-scaphoidtrans-capitate perilunate fracture-dislocation together with posterior olecranon fracture-dislocation of the left upper extremity. To the best of the authors' knowledge,such a case with this concomitant elbow fracture-dislocation has not been previouslyreported in the literature.}, Keywords = {Perilunate, fracture-dislocation, posterior, olecranon fracture-dislocation}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {241-245}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ayyoubian, Mahmood and Koruji, Mortez}, title = {A rare anatomical variant of ansa cervicalis: case report}, abstract ={AbsractA rare variant of ansa cervicalis was discovered during dissection of the neck in amale cadaver. The superior root of the Ansa cervicalis was formed by the C1 ventralramus. It accompanied with the vagus nerve in place of the hypoglossal nerve and descendedinto the carotid sheath with it. Moreover the C1 ventral ramus formed fromthe sheath and joined the inferior root from C2 and C3 ventral rami.}, Keywords = {Ansa cervicalis, vagus nerve, anatomical variation.}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {238-240}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Moosavy, Seyed Hamid and Froutan, Hossein and Faiazi, Nader and Adimi, Parisa and Andrabi, Yasir and NasiriToosi, Mohsen and Kalani, Moham}, title = {Effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on serum aminotransferase levels and insulin resistance}, abstract ={ Abstract Bckground: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at risk of developing the fatty liver as a result of being overweight. Several studies suggest that OSA per se could be a risk factor for liver injury and ischemic hepatitis with OSA. The OSA is an independent risk factor for Insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated liver enzymes and insulin resistance in patients with OSA, and compared with controls. Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of OSA were referred to the Sleep Unit of Masih Daneshvary hospital. On the basis of Polysomnography results patients were divided into two groups: The OSA and non-OSA cases, and also patients without OSA were used as internal controls. The Serum levels of liver enzymes were measured in all patients and abdominal ultrasound examination performed for screening the fatty liver and its grading. Insulin resistance was calculated via homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Results: The OSA was present in 41 and absent in 40 patients. Age, sex and body mass indices were not significantly different in two groups. The mean of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 31.24±14.05 IU/L in OSA and 29.97±8.9 IU/L in non-OSA (p= 0.349) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 29.07±9.6 IU/L in OSA and 26.85±6.7 IU/L in non-OSA (p= 0.389). The mean of HOMA was 2.05±18.2 in OSA and 1.5±0.54 in non-OSA (p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that OSA, independent of overweight conditions, is not a risk factor for abnormal liver enzymes. However, the OSA per se seems to be associated with increase in insulin resistance and severity of fatty liver.}, Keywords = {Obstructive sleep apnea, serum aminotransferase, insulin resistance}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {232-237}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Motealleh, Alireza and Maroufi, Nader and Sarrafzadeh, Javad and Sanjari, Mohammad-Ali}, title = {The test-retest reliability of the onset of core and vasti electromyographic activity while ascending and descending stairs in healthy controls and patellofemoral pain patients}, abstract ={AbstractBackgroundentity. It is hypothesized to result from abnormal patellar tracking caused by altered motorcontrol. Deficit in neuromotor control of the core may be a remote contributing factor to thedevelopment of PFP. Application of reliable EMG measures would be helpful to handle thistheory. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of thecore and vasti EMG onsets, while ascending/descending stairs.: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common affliction and complex clinicalMethodsand Core EMG onsets during stair stepping were assessed two times a day. Intraclass correlationcoefficients (ICCs) and standard errors of measurement (SEMs) were calculated.: Ten males with PFP and ten healthy controls participated in this study. VastiResultsonsets of control cases (ICC 3,1 ≥ 0.70) except Quadratus Lumborum (QL) which showeda moderate reliability (ICC for ascending=0.59 and for descending = 0.61). In controls,Vasti in both tasks showed the highest absolute reliability. During ascending, highreliability (ICC ≥ 0.70) in PFP group was demonstrated for all EMG onsets except Gluteusmaximus (GMAX) and QL which showed a moderate reliability (ICC = 0.69 and 0.63 respectively).In this group while descending stairs, all EMG onsets showed high relativereliability (ICC ≥ 0.70). Moderate to high absolute reliability was obtained for onset timeswhile ascending/descending stairs in PFP group.: During both ascending/descending, high reliability was found for all EMGConclusionreliability.: Most EMG onsets during stair ascending/descending had moderate to high}, Keywords = {Reliability, patellofemoral pain, core, EMG.}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {221-231}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Akhtari-Zavare, Mehrnoosh and YunusAbdullah, Mohd and SyedHassan, Syed Tajuddin and BintiSaid, Salmiah and Kamali, Mohamm}, title = {Cancer patients\' satisfaction with communication and information given by nurses at teaching hospitals of Tehran, Iran}, abstract ={ Abstract Background: Effective patient–professional communication can be of crucial importance to long-term psycho-social outcomes in patients with cancer. A cross sectional study was conducted to examine cancer patients' satisfaction with regard to various aspects of communication and information given by nurses. Methods: A proportional stratified sampling method was done and data collected via face-to-face interview based on a validated Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) during a 3 month period. A total of 384 patients aged 14 years old and above were selected. Results: The majority of respondents were males (52.3%) and married (66.4%), working (52.6%) and age group 45-54 year (26.6%) with secondary education level (44.8%), and 53.1% of them admitted at teaching hospitals of government A University of Medical Science. The findings revealed that a vast majority of respondents (81.5%) were satisfied with communication and information given by nurses, while the others (18.5%) not. There was significant relationship between patients’ satisfaction and age group (p ≤ 0.05). Also, the age groups of 15-44 years old and married patients were the best predictors for level of cancer patients’ satisfaction with communication, and information given by nurses. Conclusion: Key findings are a number of issues with regard to information and communication which can be clearly improved within teaching hospitals of in Tehran city. The study concluded that patient– professional communication should be tailored to meet individual need.}, Keywords = {Communication, information given by nurse, patient satisfaction, cancer, Iran.}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {212-220}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Davood and RahbarFarkhui, Bahram and Qomashi, Im}, title = {The comparison of results for the bone grafting in treatment of scaphoid non:union: with and without avascular necrosis}, abstract ={ Abstract Background: The varieties of treatment methods for the scaphoid non:::union::: have always been a discussable issue for orthopaedic surgeons. The current study, considered to be review for treatment results of the patients who sustained the scaphoid non:::union::: with or without avascular necrosis and compared these two groups clinically and radiologically. Methods: The clinical and radiologic files of the patients who sustained the scaphoid non:::union::: and underwent surgical treatment between 2004 and 2009 in our hospital, were collected and in the final follow-up, 37 patients and 38 non:::union:::s underwent physical exam, grip power test, DASH questionnaire and radiography. Results: Avascular necrosis was detected in 22 cases and 16 cases had no avascular necrosis changes. Following open reduction and bone grafing, :::union::: was seen in 36 cases, and non:::union::: in 2 cases which one was in the avascular necrosis group and another in without avascular necrosis group. The comparison of the residual pain, range of motion, DASH score and grip power in two groups, did not show a meaningful difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although multiple studies indicated that in the presence of the avascular necrosis in the proximal fragment of the scaphiod, possibility of :::union::: in the conventional graft methods was lower than vascular pedicle grafts, but this study demonstrated that the conventional treatment method yet was associated with a considerable successs and a reliable treatment method.}, Keywords = {Scaphoid non:union:, avascular necrosis.}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {208-211}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Azizi, Rasoul and Farsi, Negin and Motevasseli, Tahmineh and Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Khatami, Abdorez}, title = {Low diagnostic values of ultrasonography and negative appendectomy: still a major problem in university hospitals}, abstract ={ Abstract Background: Misdiagnosis of the acute appendicitis may increase the rate of negative appendectomies, which involve a huge waste of resources and are sometimes associated with severe complications. Furthermore, false negative result of ultrasonography (US) could lead to perforation of appendix. Since ultrasonography is still the most common imaging technique used in Iranian appendicitis patients, the study focused on evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonograghy in an educational hospital in Iran. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the results of ultrasonograghy in 270 patients who referred to Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in Tehran, Iran, between April 2002 and October 2004 with acute abdominal symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. The results of ultrasonography were compared with the histopathologic reports of biopsies as a gold standard. In data analysis Chi-square, independent t-test and Mann- Whitney U-test were performed. Results: The accuracy of ultrasonograghy in acute appendicitis was 60.4% and the rate of negative appendectomy was 17.4%. Diagnostic values of US were calculated as the sensitivity of 55.4% [95% confidence interval (CI)=48.6-62], specificity of 72.3% (95%CI=57.1-83.9), positive predictable value (PPV) of 90.4% (95%CI= 83.9-94.6) and negative predictable value (NPV) 25.6% (95%CI=18.6-34). Conclusion: Although the results of our study implied that the diagnostic values of ultrasonography were not considerable, but it is still the only imaging techniques available for patients in Iran. In reference to the low NPV, using an alternative technique such as abdominal CT scan is recommended. More attention must be paid on the signs and symptoms related to acute appendicitis in such patients especially in teaching hospitals.}, Keywords = {Acute appendicitis, ultrasonography, diagnostic value, accuracy}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {200-207}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohkam, Masoumeh and Afjeii, Abolfazl and Payandeh, Paiam and Zadkarami, Masoud and Kazemian, Mohammad and Fakhraii, Hossein and Nariman, Shahin and AbdollahGorgi, Fatemeh}, title = {A comparison of CRIB, CRIB II, SNAP, SNAPII and SNAP-PE scores for prediction of mortality in critically ill neonates}, abstract ={ Abstract Background: Clinical Risk Index of Babies (CRIB), Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP), an update of the Clinical Risk Index for Babies score (CRIB II) and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology - Perinatal Extension (SNAP-PE) are scoring devices developed in neonatal intensive care units. This study reviewed these scoring systems in critically ill neonates to determine how well they could predict mortality. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care units of Mofid and Mahdieh hospitals between March 2006 and May 2009. We evaluated CRIB, CRIB II, SNAP, SNAPII and SNAP-PE score for each neonate and the final scores were then obtained. The predictive accuracy of these parameters were expressed as area under the receiver operative characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Results: Of 404 neonate evaluated 53% were male. Primary diagnoses were respiratory distress syndrome, gastrointestinal obstruction, sepsis, prematurity, and neuromuscular diseases. The authors detected mortality in 20.5% and found a significant difference in scoring systems between survived and death groups. The mean CRIB score in survived neonates was 2.57±3.66 and in death neonates 8.43±4.66 (p value<0.001). We also found that the SNAP score had the highest area under the curve and the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and we had the lowest score for CRIB II. Conclusion: We concluded that the neonatal scoring systems could be a useful tool for prediction of mortality in NICUs and SNAP can predict the mortality better than the others.}, Keywords = {CRIB, CRIB II, SNAP, SNAPII, SNAP-PE, mortality, neonates, outcome, scoring system}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {193-199}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohaddes, Seiied Mojtaba and Gharesouran, Jalal and Fardiazar, Zahra and Taghizadeh, Mahdieh}, title = {Development of a probe consist of three cosmids to enumerate the chromosome 13 on uncultured lymphocytes or amniocytes using interphase FISH}, abstract ={ Abstract Background: To produce a reliable probe suitable for aneuploidy detection of chromosome 13 on uncultured lymphocytes and amniocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we used a contig of three overlapping cosmids mapped to 13q12.3. Methods: The cosmid DNA carrying the expected sequences of human chromosome 13 was isolated from host cells and labelled with biotin-11-dUTP. The hybridization and detection conditions with FITC-Avidin were optimised using a series of cultured and uncultured lymphocytes and amniocytes. Results: Intensive signals were detected when a combination of three overlapping cosmids was used to enumerate the chromosome 13 on interphase nuclei. An average of 87 and 85.5 percent of interphase cells prepared from lymphocytes and amniocytes showed accurate number of specific signals for chromosome 13. Conclusion: The results obtained in present study indicate that the probe was capable of detecting the copy number of chromosome 13 on interphase cells prepared from peripheral blood or amniotic fluid cells providing that the uncultured amniotic fluid cells are free of cytoplasmic residues, RNA and protein debris.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {187-192}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar}, title = {Amalgamation of medical universities in Tehran Province}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.html}, eprint = {http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)}, issn = {1016-1430}, eissn = {2251-6840}, year = {2011} }