OTHERS_CITABLE OCCURRENCE OF REPEATED FETAL DEATHS AND A SON WITH SEVERE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL RETARDATION AMONG PROGENIES OF AN IRANIAN CHEMICAL WARFARE VICTIM http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-709-en.pdf 2003-08-15 171 172 AR Monsef 1 Pathology and Genetics Dept., Medical School, P.O.Box: 518, Hamadan, Iran. AUTHOR
CASE_STUDY MULTIPLE PRIMARY EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMACYTOMAS: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare neoplasm of soft tissue which usually arises in the respiratory tract, nasal cavity, sinuses and nasopharynx. Multiple extramedullary plasmacytomas are extremely rare, especially those that are not associated with multiple myeloma.We describe multiple primary EMP in a 37 year old man, without involvement of bone or bone marrow. EMP usually has a good prognosis but our patient survived only 15 months after diagnosis. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-708-en.pdf 2003-08-15 167 170 Plasmacytoma-Primary-Multiple-Iran. S SADIGHI 1 From the Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran AUTHOR M MOHAGHEGHI 2 AUTHOR
CASE_STUDY HISTIOCYTE-RICH B-CELL LYMPHOMA: A CASE REPORT OF A RARE VARIANT OF DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA The authors describe a case of histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (HR-BCL), a variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in a 51-year-old man. The patient presented with large axillary lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of lymph node biopsy revealed diffuse effacement of the lymph node architecture by reactive histiocytes and neoplastic CD20 positive B cells. Reactive histiocytes were negative for CD15 and CD30 immunostaining. The final diagnosis was histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (HR-BCL) and the patient was referred to the oncology clinic for treatment. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-707-en.pdf 2003-08-15 159 161 Histocyte - rich B-cell lymphoma diffuse large B-ce1 l lymphoma T GHIASI MOGHADDAM 1 From the Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University oj Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR K GHAFARZADEGAN Kghafarzadegan@hotmail.com 2 AUTHOR N SHARIFI 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE EFFECTS OF LEVOTHYROXINE ADMINISTRATION ON OVULATION RATE AND SEX HORMONE LEVELS IN PREPUBERTAL AND ADULT RATS Thyroid gland dysfunction is associated with disorders of female reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hyperthyroidism on ovulation rate and peripheral sex steroid levels in prepubertal and adult rats. Two groups of female rats aging 30 days (prepubertal rats) and 60 days (adult rats) were made hyperthyroid by oral administration of levothyroxine daily. In the two control groups (n=lO) rats with the same ages received the same volume of normal saline. After 10 days the serum levels of T3, T4, LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were measured by RIA technique and also sections of ovaries were prepared for histological studies. All ovarian follicles and corpora lutea were counted to estimate ovulation rate. The results indicated that serum estradiol and progesterone levels of adult hyperthyroid rats were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between estradiol levels in the prepubertal hyperthyroid group and its control group. In the hyperthyroid groups the mean number of primary, secondary and antral follicles and corpora lutea was significantly less than those of control groups. It was concluded that high levels of plasma thyroid hormones resulted in lowered body weight and disturbed ovarian follicle development and differentiation leading to reduction in ovarian steroidogenesis and ovulation. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-706-en.pdf 2003-08-15 153 157 Ovulation Levothyroxine Hyperthyroidism Prepubertal rats A A. ZARIFKAR 1 From the Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR P HOOSHMAND 2 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE PURIFICATION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF BCG ANTIGEN 60 Tuberculosis remains as an important socioeconomical and medical problem throughout the world and especially in Iran. Early and timely diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is vital to initiate prompt treatment. Current diagnostic methods are either slow or lack enough sensitivity or specificity. Several mycobacterial antigens are involved in the complex interaction with the immune system of the host. Their identification is important for both diagnosis and protection against mycobacteria. Antigen 60 (A60) is a thermostable antigen found in the cytosol of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. An ELISA test using A60 is designed for diagnosis of tuberculosis with satisfactory results. In previous studies, A60 has also showed a protective effect against experimental infections and useful immunotherapeutic effects in promotion of cancer development. In the present work we tried to purify A60 from the cytoplasm of BCG. A60 was purified by exclusion gel chromatography using sepharose 4B. A60 was recognized by bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis with anti-BCG and anti-A60 antiserum, where it appears as the less mobile component. In agarose electrophoresis, A60 showed only one band but in immunodiffusion it showed two immunoprecipitinogen lines with anti-BCG anti-serum. In analyzing with dot blotting, both cytoplasm and cell wall of BCG showed positive reaction with antiA60 anti-serum. When A60 was fractionated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by: western blot using anti-A60 antibody, 65,46, 40, 38 and 35 KDa protein fractions' were identified. It is concluded that A60 is a macromolecular antigen of BCG with a molecular weight of 106_107 Da and is a lipoprotein-polysaccharide complex which contains several proteins. A60 is present in both cytoplasm and cell wall of BCG and can easily be purified from BCG vaccine using exclusion chromatography by sepharose 4B, to be used for designing diagnostic tests for TB. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-705-en.pdf 2003-08-15 147 152 Antigen 60 (A60) BCG Size Exclusion Chromatography. H GOUDARZI 1 From the Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran AUTHOR B KAZEMI 2 the Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran. AUTHOR F FALAH 3 From the Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran AUTHOR G ESLAMI 4 From the Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran AUTHOR M GHAZI 5 From the Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran AUTHOR F DOUSTDAR F_ doustdar@yahoo.com 6 the Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE RAPID DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION We investigated the use of DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (peR) for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 300 patients who were suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis and compared the results with culture results which were performed in parallel with PCR. Two-thirds of each sample was processed for smear and culture by standard methods and one-third was prepared for DNA extraction, amplification and detection using Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific PCR primers. In this study 45 patients were positive for M. tuberculosis by PCR and probe hybridization (sensitivity and specificity 100%) whereas 42 patients (93%) exhibited growth of M. tuberculosis. Of 42 culture positive specimens 3 exhibited negative PCR results. Smear positivity rate for PCR positive specimens was 73.2%. For analysis of discrepant results 3 variables such as the source of specimen, the concentration of bacteria in the original specimen and the presence of inhibitor were examined. It was found that only 3 sputum specimens (6.6%) gave discrepant results, which were found to contain inhibitor of amplification. It remains to be shown whether positive PCR results in smear and culture negative patients mean false positivity or an early laboratory finding which predicts a subsequent reactivation of a prior tuberculosis infection or whether asymptomatic patients may carry PCR amplifiable Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA without any clinical relevance. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-704-en.pdf 2003-08-15 141 146 PCR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sputum Probe M NASROLLAHEI mnasrolahei@yahoo.com 1 From the Dept. of Microbiology, Sari Medical School, Khazar Boulevard, Sari, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR HG ROBSON 2 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE A COMPARISON OF IL-2 IN NORMAL AND SYMPTOMATIC PULPS Normal healthy pulpal tissues were obtained from 19 impacted molars and symptomatic samples were obtained from 18 carious molars and premolars clinically diagnosed in all vital pulpal tissues. Student's t-test revealed significant differences in IL-2 concentrations, comparing symptomatic pulpal tissues with normal healthy samples (657, p<O.OI). These results suggest that IL -2 may serve as a marker of changes in pulp tissue. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-703-en.pdf 2003-08-15 137 140 pulp tissue inflammation chemical transmitters cytokines interleukins T lymphocytes IL-2. SB MOUSAVI sbmousavi2@ yahoo.com 1 From the Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, the Department of Immunology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and the School of Dentistry, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. AUTHOR A REZAIE 2 AUTHOR R SHEKAR-AMIZ 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE THE USE OF 0.5% LIDOCAINE WITH FENTANYL AND PANCURONIUM FOR AXILLARY BLOCK The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of fentanyl and pancuronium combined with dilute lidocaine solution for axillary block. Onehundred adult patients undergoing upper limb surgery were randomly allocated to receive either 0.6 mL/kg of 1 % lidocaine (6 mg/kg) or 0.6 mLlkg of 0.5% lidocaine (3 mg/kg) with 1 µg/kg of fentanyl and 0.5 mg of pancuronium. The onset of sensory and motor blocks was significantly shorter in the 1 % lidocaine group (p<0.05). However no differences in analgesia or motor blockade were found between the two groups, during the later 20 min. after block. The procedure was considered successful in 100% of patients without the necessity of supplementary medication, and no adverse effect were observed in the two groups, and the time of the first request for analgesia was not significantly different between the two groups. We conclude that the addition of fentanyl plus pancuronium to the lidocaine solution, with an unknown mechanism of effect on major nerve block, reduces the dose of the local anesthetic and possibly systemic toxicity. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-702-en.pdf 2003-08-15 133 135 Axillary block Lidocaine Fentanyl Pancuronium. M HASSANI 1 From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran AUTHOR F MIRMOHAMMADY 2 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS IN CHILDHOOD GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME In order to identify the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of childhood Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) in East Azarbaijan province, clinical and electrophysiological data on 40 consecutive children with GBS, admitted to Tabriz Children's Medical Center from March 21st 1999 to March 20th 2002, were analyzed. All patients received intravenous immunoglobulin, 400 mg /kg/ day for five consecutive days. They were prospectively followed up for at least 3 months. Analysis of age distribution showed a high occurrence (55%) among children aged 1- 5 years old. Male patients outnumbered females with a sex ratio of 1.3: 1. The most frequent antecedent events were upper respiratory tract infections. The study subjects were subclassified according to electrophysiological data: 52.5% were found to have predominantly acute demyelinating neuropathy, 27.5% had acute motor axonal neuropathy and in 20% of patients the demyelinating type of GBS was observed with secondary axonal loss. The disease symptoms were relatively severe in our patients as only 15% of them were able (with and without aid) to walk at the peak of their illness. Electrodiagnostic criteria associated with poor outcome were severe reduction in compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and fibrillation potentials (p= 0.034). http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-701-en.pdf 2003-08-15 123 127 Childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome Epidemiology Clinical features Electrodiagnosis prognosis. M BARZEGAR mm_barzegar@yahoo.com 1 From the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tabriz Children s Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R Iran. AUTHOR Z JALALI 2 AUTHOR V TOPCHIZADEH 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC STU DY OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) IN 30 PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA Involvement of the peripheral nervous system is one of the complications of multiple myeloma with a varying incidence of clinical and subclinical neuropathy in different studies. As most of the patients with multiple myeloma suffer from generalized systemic symptoms such as malaise, bone and low back pain, the clinical clues to the diagnosis of the neuropathy in its initial stages could be ignored. In this study, we tried to determine the frequency of peripheral nervous system involvement in these patients by electromyography/nerve conduction (EMGINCV) studies. This cross-sectional descriptive study of 30 patients with multiple myeloma revealed that 70% of cases showed peripheral nervous system involvement, of whom 57% were found to be asymptomatic and 43% symptomatic for peripheral nervous system disease. The pattern of peripheral nervous system involvement was polyneuropathy (62%) followed by radiculopathy and carpal tunnel syndrome, 52% and 29%, respectively. Most of the neuropathies were of the sensorimotor axonal type. L5, S I roots were the most common sites of radiculopathies. Therefore we conclude that the frequency of subclinical peripheral nervous system involvement in multiple myeloma patients was so rampant that evaluation of multiple myeloma patients with EMGINCV studies was necessary. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-700-en.pdf 2003-08-15 113 116 Multiple myeloma PNS Electrodiagnosis Neuropathy H AYROMLOU 1 From the Departments of Neurology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR J EIVAZI 2 Internal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR R KHANDAGI 3 From the Departments of Neurology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR B JALALIAN 4 From the Departments of Neurology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE A COMPARATIV E , DOUBLE -BLIND, RANDOMIZE D, PLACEBO- CONTROLLED TRIAL OF INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION OF BUPIVACAINE AND LIDOCAINE FOR PAIN CONTROL AFTER DIAGNOSTIC LAPARO SCOPY The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine and lidocaine administration on pain reduction after diagnostic laparoscopy. In this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study, diagnostic laparoscopy was done for one-hundred and ninety-six infertile women with unexplained infertility. Patients were randomized to 4 groups (A, B,C, and D). At the end of the procedure, 30 mL of 0.125% bupivacaine, 30 mL of 5% lidocaine and 30 mL of normal saline was instilled in the pelvic cavity and 15 mL of the same solution over the diaphragmatic vault in group A, B and C, respectively. Group D received no intraperitoneal substance. The verbal pain scale questionnaire was used for assessment of postoperative pain. In conclusion, when instilled intraperitoneally after diagnostic laparoscopy, bupivacaine significantly decreases postoperative pain for a long period. It also reduces the rate of analgesic needed, increases the rate at which patients were discharged 2 hours after surgery, and decreases hospital stay. It is highly effective compared to lidocaine and placebo. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-699-en.pdf 2003-08-15 107 111 Infertility laparoscopy pain bupivacaine lidocaine. ME PARSANEZHAD parsame@sums.ac.ir 1 From the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR H VAFAEI 2 From the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR M LAHSAEE 3 the Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran AUTHOR S ALBORZI 4 the Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran AUTHOR EH SCHMIDT 5 the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Diakonie Teaching Hospital of Gottingen University, Beremen, Germany. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IN 300 PSORIATIC PATIENTS IN IMA M REZA HO SPITAL, MASH H AD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES In order to study the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in Imam Reza Hospital and determine the effects of factors like age, sex, familial history, type of skin involvement, nail involvement and duration of disease on psoriatic arthritis, 300 psoriatic patients over a period of 4 years were admitted and examined in the Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology in Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, (MUMS). A special form was designed for collecting needed data (data collection sheet). Statistical analysis was done on these data. In the studied population, the prevalence of psoritaic arthritis was 16.6%. T he most common involved joints were the wrist and fingers (52%). Asymmetrical peripheral oligoarthritis was the most prevalent type of joint involvement. Most of the patients were between the 3rd and 4th decades of life. Familial history was positive in 20% of psoriatic patients and 18% of psoriatic arthritis. From a clinical point of view 78% of psoriatic arthritis patients had psoriasis vulgaris. Nail involvement in this group was seen in 72%. Nail pitting was present in 68%. In general, the vulgaris type was seen in 89.2% and nail involvement in only 42.8%. In conclusion, psoriatic arthritis was present in 16.6% of 300 patients with psoriasis. It is recommended that joint and spine exams be performed in all cases of psoriasis, especially those with nail involvement. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-698-en.pdf 2003-08-15 101 105 Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis. Mashhad Iran. J SHARIATI jshariati@yahoo.com 1 From the Departments of Rheumatology and Dermatology, Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR Z JAVIDI 2 AUTHOR M TAVALLAI 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE INDUCTION OF LABOR WITH USE OF A FOLEY CATHETER AND EXTRAAMNIOTIC CORTICOSTEROIDS The purpose of this study is to show the effect of extraamniotic administration of corticosteroids to shorten the times to either active labor and/or delivery. This is a double blind randomized study. 65 patients who were candidates for the termination of pregnancy between the ages of 16-45, with intact membranes and unripe cervix were randomly divided into two groups, a study group (n=34) and a control group (n=31). In the study group, 20mg of dexamethasone was infused through a Foley catheter into the extraamniotic space and the infusion was continued with normal saline in both groups. The result of the study showed that the interval of induction to active phase of labor was 6.6±2.33 hours in the study group and 8.2±3 hours in the control group (t= 2.413, p=O.0187). The interval of induction to delivery was 8.4±2.62 hours in the study group and 1O.05±3.35 hours in the control group (t= 2.828, p=O.0063). In conclusion, corticosteroids may have a role in shortening the interval of induction to active phase of labor and the interval of induction to delivery. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-697-en.pdf 2003-08-15 97 100 Corticosteroids Induction of labor Foley catheter. M MANSOURI mansouri@mums.ac.ir 1 From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R.lran AUTHOR A POURJAVAD samimohmed@yahoo.com 2 AUTHOR G PANAHI drghzalpanahi@yahoo.com 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF INTERFERON ALFA FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTED SUBJECTS WITH TRANSFUSION DEPENDENT THALASSEMIA IN IRAN Up to 30% of Iranian adult multi-transfused thalassemic patients are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) which can intensify the progression of liver disease caused by iron overload in this group of patients. Our aim was to assess the biochemical and virological response of interferon alfa (INF-α) and its safety in thalassemic patients with chronic HCV infection. This trial was a single center, open label, single treatment prospective study of INF-a (Heberon alfa R, 3 MU, every other day) for a period of 12 months. 29 subjects, 13 to 56 years old (mean ± SD: 25.1 ± 10.4 years), whose serum HCV-RNA was positive and mean ALT remained greater than 1.5 times upper limit of normal in the last 6 months before the study were enrolled. A percutaneous liver biopsy was performed before treatment and all patients underwent monthly assessment for adverse events and monitoring of serum ALT. Qualitative serum HCV-RNA was obtained in months 3 and 6 and at the end of therapy. Pretreatment liver biopsy showed mild fibrosis in 33.3%, moderate fibrosis in 56.7% and cirrhosis in 10% of patients. Siderosis was severe in 14 patients (46.7%). Two nonsplenectomized patients discontinued INF becau'se of mild cytopenia, which resolved in less than one week after interruption of therapy. The following were some of the important adverse events observed during the study period: Flu syndrome in 29(100%), chills or fever>39°C in 14(48%), local pain in 14(48%), transient gastrointestinal symptoms in 13(44%), weakness in 5(17%), local induration in 3(10%) and edema in 2(7%) of the patients. By the end of 12 months of therapy, 15 patients out of 27 (55.6%) had a normal ALT and negative HCV-RNA (complete end-treatment response), they were followed up for a mean duration of 10.5 months (range: 6 to 22 months) and in 8 of them (53.3%) the condition relapsed (abnormal ALT with positive PCR). Viral clearance was a delayed event in our patients (29% by the end of month 3 and 63% by month 7) but ALT normalization occurred in 94% of responders by the end of month 3. Our experience indicates that the cure of HCV -related liver disease in thalassemic patients is not an unrealistic aim and may be achieved with a safe and inexpensive INF preparation (Heberon Alfa R) in a sizeable portion of cases. As opposed to non-thalassemic patients, in whom most viral responses happen in the first 3 months of therapy, in this group of thalassemic patients we found that maximum virologic response happened between 3 to 6 months of therapy. Although INF-a is an effective drug for initial treatment in thalassemic patients infected with HCV, its efficacy with the above dose and duration, for maintaining long term remission is under question. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-696-en.pdf 2003-08-15 87 95 Thalassemia Interferon Hepatitis C Heberon S MIRMOMEN minnomen@ams.ac.ir 1 From the Digestive Disease Research Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran. AUTHOR H GHOFRANI 2 AUTHOR H FOROOTAN PISHBUARY 3 AUTHOR N EBRAHIMI DARYANI 4 AUTHOR M JAFAR FARAHVASH 5 AUTHOR RA SHARIFIAN 6 AUTHOR F AZMODEH 7 AUTHOR R MALEKZADEH 8 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY OUTCOME WITH lUI IN PATIENTS WITH UNEXPLAINED RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE, WHOSE MALE PARTNERS HAVE LOW SCORE HYPO-OSMOTIC SWELLING TEST In order to determine outcome of pregnancy with lUI in patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage whose husbands have low hypo-osmotic swelling test scores, a prospective clinical intervention was performed at a university referral clinic of recurrent abortion. Out of 56 patients whose husbands had abnormal hypo-osmotic swelling tests, 43 patients underwent lUI, from which only 14 patients became pregnant (treatment group) and 13 patients became spontaneously pregnant without lUI as control group. Our main outcome measure was successful pregnancy (continuation of pregnancy after 20 weeks). Among the 14 patients who became pregnant, 3 patients aborted below 20 weeks (21.4%), and 11 patients continued pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation (78.6%). In the control group among the 13 patients with spontaneous pregnancy, 8 patients aborted below 20 weeks (61.5%) and 5 patients continued pregnancy over 20 weeks (36.4%), success rate ratio was 2.04% and the difference was statistically significant (d= 4.49, p<0.05). Treating the unexplained recurrent aborter whose male partner has a low hypo-osmotic swelling test score with lUI could be effective. This is the first study to present an ideal way for selection of recurrent aborters who benefit from lUI. The probable mechanism for this effect may be selection of the best quality sperms which will be discussed in detail. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.pdf 2003-08-15 25 27 Recurrent miscarriage Hypo-osmotic swelling test lUI. J ZOLGHADRI JzoIghad@yahoo.com 1 From the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R.Iran. AUTHOR A GHADERI 2 From the Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R.Iran. AUTHOR S ALBORZI 3 AUTHOR ME PARSANEZHAD 4 From the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R.Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATION BETWEEN AGE AT MENARCHE, ANTHROP OMETRIC PARAMETERS AND INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT IN MASHHAD, IRAN The present study was initiated to derive an indirect method for estimating body fat mass (BFM) and to evaluate the correlation between indirect anthropometric techniques for this estimation and to examine the relation of these parameters and of IQ to age of menarche. A total of 578 adolescent girls of ten junior high schools in five educational districts of Mashhad, participated in a cross sectional study during autumn 2000. The data were gathered through questionnaires, interview, measurement of anthropometric parameters including: weight, height, BMI (Body Mass Index), TSF (Triceps Skin Fold) thickness, SSSF (Sub-Scapular Skin Fold) thickness, MUAC (Middle Upper Arm Circumference), and measurement of IQ by Raven test. We demonstrated that anthropometric parameters for estimating BFM correlated well with each other. Age at menarche did not correlate with BFM measured by anthropometric parameters when studied at the onset of menarche, but it did well correlate negatively with these indices if studied any time postmenarche, regardless of the interval between the onset of menarche and the present age (p<0.001). IQ correlated negatively to the age at menarche (p< 0.001). These findings implicate that BFM does not trigger puberty onset in healthy girls, but it does accumulate with a faster rate in the postmenarcheal period so that girls who have an earlier menarche have a higher weight and BMI and greater skinfold thickness than those who enter the menarcheal stage at a later time, and that mental development and physical growth are parallel processes, so that a slower mental development would be expected when physical growth is delayed. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.pdf 2003-08-15 19 24 Menarche BM! MUAC TSF SSSF IQ Age at Menarche Z YUSOFI 1 From the Department of Gynecology, Qaem Medical Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I. R. Iran. AUTHOR N RAJAIE 2 AUTHOR