CASE_STUDY PRIMARY MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA OF THE BREAST A case of primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast is reported. This is the first well-documented case of breast lymphoma in our institution and also in Iran. The diagnosis of primary breast lymphoma requires the presence of lymphomatous infiltration in close ass, tissue in patients with neither previous lymphoma nor concurrent lymphoma in another site. There is no definite clinical feature to distinguish patients with lymphoma from those with malignant carcinoma. The median age at diagnosis is reportedly in the mid-50's, but our patient was much younger. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1208-en.pdf 1996-08-15 175 177 Breast lymphoma; Non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma; Breast-incidence; Histiocytic lymphoma; Large cell MANOOCHEHR M. LARI 1 From the Department of Hematology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR ALI REZA TAVASSOLI 2 AUTHOR ABBAS TABATABAI YAZDI 3 AUTHOR SHIVA M. LARI 4 AUTHOR AHMAD KHOSRAVI 5 AUTHOR
CASE_STUDY TWO CASES OF TYROSINEMIA TYPE II, AND ITS RARE OCCURRENCE IN TWO BROTHERS Tyrosinemia type II is a rare autosomal recessive disorder wich can present itself with recurrent epithelial keratitis, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and mental retardation. This article reports the rare occurrence of this disease in both offsprings (two brothers) of a family (consanguinous'marriage) who were managed with a lowprotein diet and a special regimen. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1207-en.pdf 1996-08-15 169 173 Richner-Hanhart syndrome Tyrosinemia type II. MA JAVADI 1 From the Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran AUTHOR SA MIRDEHGHAN 2 AUTHOR A BAGHERI 3 AUTHOR B EINOLLAHI 4 AUTHOR Y DOWLATI 5 the Center for Research and Education in Skin Disease and Leprosy, p.o. Box 14155-6383, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran AUTHOR
CASE_STUDY A VERY RARE CASE OF FOREIGN BODY IN THE CORONARY ARTERY A 56 year old man was admitted to our center for further evaluation of typical chest pain of ten months' duration. Selective coronary angiography was done and showed a sewing needle-like foreign body which was lying in very close proximity to the anatomic location of the right coronary artery. At operation two pieces of sewing needles were removed, one from the coronary sinus and the other from the right coronary artery before the crux. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1206-en.pdf 1996-08-15 165 167 FEREIDOON NOOHI 1 From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rajai Heart Hospital, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR NADER GIVTAJ 2 AUTHOR MOHAMMADREZA SAIDI 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE GROWTH INHIBITION OF PATHOGENS BY LACTIC ACID BACTERIA PRODUCING INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES 71 samples of milk and dairy products were collected from 18 cities throughout Iran. 93 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and assayed against four opportunistic patho gens including E. coli, proteus and klebsiella as gram-negative and S. aureus as a gram-positive organism. All indicators (organisms) were hospital strains. Among isolated bacteria, lactobacilli (37 isolates) had stronger activity against gram-negative pathogens. 37 isolates were lactococci out of which 9 strains were leuconostocs and seven strains were S.jaecalis. S. aureus was more sensitive to lactococci than lactobacilli. Only one isolate of leuconostoc inhibited the growth of gram-negative indicators, but five isolates inhibited S. aureus. The use of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in dairy products provides a natural mean of preservation. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1205-en.pdf 1996-08-15 159 163 Lactic Acid Bacteria Bacteriocin Growth Inhibition Antibiosis. FARROKH A. NAKHDJAVANI 1 From the Department of Microbiology, Medical Science Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran AUTHOR NASRIN MOAZAMI 2 , the Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, p.o. Box 15815-3338, Tehran AUTHOR HASSAN LAMEA 3 the Food Science and Technology Center, Postgraduate and Advanced Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 19395-1775, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE THE MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE BRAIN UNDER CONDITIONS OF HYPOKINESIA AND ITS POSSIBLE PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION BY GABA-ERGIC SUBSTANCES In this paper it has been shown that deterioration of the brain cortex capillary system and negative dynamics of cerebral tissue morphology occur under conditions of hypo kinesia. Simultaneously, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and piracetam have been shown to favor the development of vasodilation and prevent further worsening of the cerebral blood supply. During the experiment, it was also established that among the substances investigated, the specific antagonist of GABA-receptors-bicuculline-displays the strongest cerebroprotective effect in early hypokinesia. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1204-en.pdf 1996-08-15 153 158 VILEN P. HAKOPIAN 1 From the Department of Pharmacology, State Medical Institute, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. AUTHOR ALEXANDER S. KANAYAN 2 AUTHOR KARINE V. MELKONIAN 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATI ON OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THEIR ANALGESIC ACTIVITY IN MICE The selected parts of four medicinal plants, Achillea millefolium, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Linum usitatissimum and Pluchea lanceolata were extracted in absolute methanol to determine their analgesic activity. Analgesic activity was assessed on intact mice by tail flick latency via the tail immersion method. The analgesic activities of these plant extracts were compared with acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg/kg) which was used as the standard drug. Extracts were given orally in doses of 300,500 and 1000 mg/kg. 0.9% saline was administered to the control group of animals. Results showed that Linum usitatissimum and Pluchea lanceolata possessed highly significant analgesic activity, while Achillea millefolium and Hibiscus rosasinensis did not show any significant effects. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1203-en.pdf 1996-08-15 149 152 FAYYAZ AHMAD 1 From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. AUTHOR RAFEEQ ALAM KHAN 2 AUTHOR SHAHID RASHID 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS IN ZAHEDAN The objective of this study was to determine the most common type of pathogen causing conjunctivitis. Out of 495 patients who referred to the Zahedan Eye Clinic from May 22, 199 1 to October 22, 1992,296 cases were diagnosed as nonbacterial conjunctivitis. From the remaining number of cases, two patients had chlamydia and six patients had Candida albicans, while the frequency of bacterial infection was as follows: N. gonorrhoeae7 patients, Hemophilus aegyptius in 11 patients, M oraxella lacunata in 6 patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 57 patients, E. coli in 5 patients, Staphylococcus aureus in 5 patients, Proteus mirabilis in 5 patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 8 patients, Gardnerella vaginalis in 4 patients, and providencia species in one patient. Bacterial agents were isolated by Gram staining and culturing. In conclusion our results show that the most common cause of conjunctivitis is nonbacterial, but the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis is S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, our incidence of chlamydia and N. gonorrhoeae was also more than that in the literature. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1202-en.pdf 1996-08-15 145 148 Bacterial conjunctivitis conjunctivitis ophthalmia neonatorum. HA SHAHRIARI 1 From the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 98132-396, Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR KA GHAVIMI 2 AUTHOR MI QURESHI 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN SMOOTH MUSCLE FROM THE BODY OF HUMAN STOMACH Up to date, there are four pharmacologically characterized subtypes of muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, M3 and M4). In our study we have investigated muscarinic receptor subtypes in smooth muscle layers of human stomach. Isolated preparations of longitudinal and circular muscle layers from human stomach were used. Acetylcholine, bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine and AHR -602 produced concentration-dependent tonic contractions of isolated preparations of both longitudinal and circular muscle layers. Only pilocarpine increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions of circular muscle preparations. Atropine, trihexyphenidyl, pirenzepine, telenzepine, hexocyclium, gallamine and scopolamine butylbromide concentration-dependently blocked tonic contractions of isolated preparations of both circular and longitudinal muscle layers caused by acetylcholine. Pancuronium did not block tonic contractions caused by acetylcholine, while para-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol (pFHHSiD) produced weak concentration-dependent blockade of tonic contractions caused by acetylcholine in circular muscle preparations only. The most potent antagonists were M1 selective antagonists: trihexyphenidyl, telenzepine and hexocyclium. These results suggested a predominance of the M1 muscarinic receptor subtype in smooth muscle of the human stomach. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1201-en.pdf 1996-08-15 137 143 Muscarinic receptor subtypes stomach body human. SLOBODAN M JANKOVIC 1 From the Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kragujevac, Serbia, FR Yugoslavia AUTHOR DUSAN B. BELESLIN 2 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE PREVALENCE, PATIENT AWARENESS AND CONTROL RATES OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF TEHRAN: A REPORT FROM THE TEHRAN BLOOD PRESSURE S TUDY, 1990-19911 The "Tehran Blood Pressure Study" (TBPS) is an observational cross-sectional study performed on men and women aged 15 years or more during the years 1990-1991. The study has been designed and performed by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences' Cardiovascular Research Center, with the primary objective of determining the prevalence and distribution of high blood pressure in Tehrani adults. In addition, awareness levels, control rates, and the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors among those with high blood pressure, as well as associations between blood pressure (BP) levels and certain epidemiologic and anthropometric factors have been studied. The study population comprised 10180 male and female inhabitants of Tehran aged above 15, selected by random sampling in 50 districts of the city. The mean and the 95% confidence interval for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 123 (122.8-123.4) and 75.4 (75.2-75.6), respectively. The prevalence of high blood pressure (SBP≥ 140 mmHg or DBP> 90 mmHg or drug consumption) was 17.6% in males, 17.9% in females, and 17.7% in generaL About 47% of the patients with high DBP readings were aware of their condition. In 20% of these, control of hypertension had been achieved by drug therapy in 11 %, drug therapy had failed to control hypertension, and 16% were not receiving treatment despite their awareness. High body mass index and a history of diabetes were more frequent in those with high BP readings than the general population. Of those with high BP readings, most had only mild elevations of BP (90≤ DBP≤99 or 140≤SBP≤159). Isolated high systolic blood pressure (SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP< 90 mmHg) was found in 36% of females and 30% of males aged above 64. The noticeable prevalence of high BP, the remarkable prevalence of isolated high systolic blood pressure in the elderly, the very low level of patient awareness and low control rates all necessitate the adoption of appropriate personal and community health policies. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1200-en.pdf 1996-08-15 125 132 SEYED HASSAN AREFI 1 From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR MOHAMMAD H. BASTAN HAGH 2 AUTHOR MORTEZA NAGHAVI 3 AUTHOR SEYED EBRAHIM KASSAIAN 4 AUTHOR SEYED SINA MARASHIE 5 AUTHOR FARIBORZ MORTAZAVI 6 AUTHOR GITA GIDASI 7 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE THE EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION ON ENDOICRINE AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS To study the effect of depression on the endocrine and immune systems, 557 male freshman and sophomore medical students (20-30 years old) were given Beck's Depression Inventory. Students with marks 5 or above were selected as the control (n=26) and those with marks of 20 or higher were chosen as the test group (n=27). All of the students were subjected to the following tests: CBC, differential, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-c, VLDL-c, fibrinogen (Fibr), cortisol (Cort), prolactin (PRL), testosterone(Test), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), total serum immunoglobulins (Ig), IgA, IgG, IgM, creatine kinase (CK), and C3 and C4 components of the complement system. Results indicated statistically significant increases of the following parameters in the test group as compared with the controls: TC (P < 0.05), LDL-c (P < 0.05), CK (P < 0.025), Fibr (P < 0.0 1), Test (P < 0.05), Cort (P < 0.025), IgG (P < 0.025) and Ig (P < 0.025). The results were in accordance with the anticipated hormonal and cell-mediated immunity alterations caused by depression, which affected both cytokines and endorphin levels. In spite of the limited number of subjects used in this study and lack of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), the overall approach of this study is encouraging nevertheless, further studies using a 1zrger sample are required. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1199-en.pdf 1996-08-15 117 124 Depression behavioral diseases affectional abnormalities and schizophrenia MH GHAHRAMANI 1 From the Schools of Paramedical Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR M NAZARI 2 From the Schools of Paramedical Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR SZ TABEI 3 From the Schools of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR J AHMADI 4 From the Schools of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR SN RAFATI 5 From the Schools of Paramedical Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR MA GHALAMBOR 6 School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE A NEW MODIFIED SURGICAL APPROACH IN LYMPHEDEMA OF THE PENIS AND SCROTUM A 14 year old boy suffering from marked penoscrotal lymphedema is reported. Reduction scrotoplasty was done and the neoscrotum was made by combining the anterior suprapubic and posterior scrotal V-shaped flaps. A split-thickness skin graft from the thigh was placed over the denuded penis. No complication was encountered and the cosmetic result was satisfactory http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1198-en.pdf 1996-08-15 113 115 H HODJATI 1 From the Department of Surgery, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR AA KHEZRI 2 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE PERFORATION OF THE ESOPHAGUS A 12-YEAR EXPERIENCE Esophageal perforation continues to be a difficult diagnostic and management problem. Recommendations regarding treatment remain controversial. 17 patients with perforation of the esophagus were retrospectively reviewed at the Thoracic Surgery Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital between 1981 and 1992. The majority of the injuries involved the thoracic esophagus (10 or 59%), followed by the cervical (6 or 35%), and the intra-abdominal esophagus (1 or 6%). Perforations caused by external trauma constituted most of the injuries (47%), followed by ingested foreign bodies (29%), iatrogenic causes (18%), and spontaneous perforation (6%). Excluded from this study were patients with tracheoesophageal fistulas, postoperative esophageal anastomotic leaks, and perforations due to esophageal carcinoma. Esophageal radiographic contrast studies with either Gastrografin or barium were performed in 11 patients with 2 (18%) false-negative results. Fever, chest pain, dysphagia, dyspnea and crepitus were common clinical findings. 2 patients (12%) were treated conservatively, 3 (18%) by primary repair and drainage, and 12 (70%) by drainage and diversion with or without exclusion. The author puts great emphasis on mediastinal drainage and irrigation in addition to diversion in late diagnosed cervical or thoracic esophageal perforations with pleural and mediastinal contamination. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1197-en.pdf 1996-08-15 99 111 V MONTAZERIE 1 From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of. lran. AUTHOR