ORIGINAL_ARTICLE TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CERTAIN AMINOALKYL ETHERS AS POTENTIAL LONG-ACTING LOCAL ANAESTHETICS The acute intravenous toxicities of a selection of three potential long-acting local anaesthetics belonging to the series of2- phenoxyethyldialkylamine were determined in mice. Two of the compounds were tertiary amines and the third a quaternary ammonium derivative.The I.V. median lethal dose, (LDso) of one of the tertiary compounds, 21A [N, N- diethyl-2- (2,6- diisopropyl) ethyl amine hydrochloride 1 was over 2.5 times that of lignocaine, while the other, 30A [N, N- diethyl-2- (4-sec-butyl) ethyl amine hydrochloride 1 had an LD50 of 1.5 times. On the other hand, the quaternary ammonium derivative FA [ N- benzyl-N-N- dimethyl -2- (2- tert- butyl) ethylamine chloride 1 was more toxic, with an LD50 value of one quarter of the standard. The test compounds, particularly compound 21A, seem to have good properties that would warrant further investigation as potential long-acting local anaesthetic agents. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1525-en.pdf 2015-08-19 59 62 D AL-SAADI 1 From the' School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran, AUTHOR WE SNEADER 2 the School of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SULFUR MUSTARD REACTION WITH AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS The interaction of sulfur mustard with aminoacids and proteins has been investigated in this study. Rats were injected with sublethal doses of sulfur mustard subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. At different time intervals, plasma and urine samples were collected. The binding affinity of sulfur mustard with urinary and plasma proteins and enzymes was studied for the first time using non-ideal size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We observed that sulfur mustard reacts with proteins and enzymes containing cystein, arginine, and lysine residues. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1524-en.pdf 2015-08-19 55 58 D QUJEQ 1 From the Dept. of Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR M TAGHIKHANI 2 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE HETEROGENEITY OF MACROPHAGE POPULATIONS: ANTIBODIES DETECTING VARIOUS POPULATIONS OF MACROPHAGES Two groups of antibodies against mouse resident alveolar and peritoneal macrophages have been raised individually in rabbits by immunization with whole cell suspensions of lavaged alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. The whole antisera reacted positively with neutrophils and lymphocytes. However, upon extensive absorptions with these cells the activity became restricted to macrophages. The immunoglobulins were purified up to 8 fold by repeated precipitations with saturated ammonium sulphate. The antibodies were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and further used. The specificity of antibodies was confirmed by direct and indirect immunofluorescence and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. In the cytolysis of target cells in the presence of complement, the antibodies could lyse more than 80% of cells at dilutions as low as 1:512. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1523-en.pdf 2015-08-19 49 54 B GOLIAEI 1 From tile Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR A DEIZADJI 2 AUTHOR A RABBANI 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE A REPORT OF 10 CASES OF HUMAN ISOSPORIASIS IN IRAN Human infection with the coccidia parastite, Isospora belli is relatively uncommon. Human isosporiasis in Iran was first reported by Hadjian in 1961. 5 Yearly, about 200 stool samples have been examined by direct and formol-ether concentration techniques in the Protozoology Unit, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In addition to the common protozoal and helminthic infections, there were 10 cases of human infection with Isospora belli during alO year stool examination in our laboratory. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1521-en.pdf 2015-08-19 45 47 M REZAEIAN 1 From the Dept. of Prolozoology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE SURVEY OF PRAZIQUANTEL\'S EFFECT ON FASCIOLIASIS Even though in some reputable references, praziquantel is still.a drug of choice for treatment of fascioliasis, but our study on 100 patients shows that it has no effect on the parasite. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1520-en.pdf 2015-08-19 43 44 D YADEGARY 1 From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Gilan AUTHOR K FORGHANPARAST 2 From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Gilan AUTHOR M ASSMAR 3 the Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE THE PROCESS OF TREATMENT OF PSYCHOFLEXED HAND WITH DYNAMIC SPLINT This study presents the results of the treatment afforded to seven patients with the diagnosis of psychoflexed hands. These patients had referred for treatment during the years 1984 through 1989. On the average each patient received 3.5 years of follow-up. The average age for the group was 28 years. The group included one woman the rest were male. Treatment procedure consisted of serial casting, passive manipulation, active exercises and dynamic splint. Psychotherapy was given throughout the treatment period. Psychiatric consultations were also sought. Of this number, three had excellent results, two were graded as good and one as fair. The seventh case had to be excluded because the patient developed acute psychotherapeutic problems. In contrast with other techniques that undertake the treatment of the flexion deformity of the hand without regard to psychic problems or those that undertake such treatment from psychological approaches only, both of which have had poor results, the technique used in this program seems to be a good plan of treatment for this illness because it is continuous, costs less and because the patient is constantly in touch with orthopedic specialists and with a psychiatrist. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1519-en.pdf 2015-08-19 39 42 MUHAMMAD-HADI NOURAI 1 From the Orthopedic Dept., Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION IN HUMAN DIARRHOEA PATIENTS IN WEST AZERBAIJAN, IRAN The stool samples from 363 diarrhoeic and non- diarrhoeic children and adults from several locations in two towns of west Azerbaijan area of Iran examined for Cryptosporidium infection by modified Ziehl- Neelsen technique revealed the presence of infection in 7.66% of diarrhoeic patients and in none of the non- diarrhoeic individuals. The percentage of detection was higher among females ( 11.21%) than males (4.96%). 10.12 percent of children below five years of age and4.65% of those between five and 15 years of age were positive, whereas only 2.12% of the adults were positive. The study has brought to light the existence of human Cryptosporidium infection in Iran perhaps for the first time. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1526-en.pdf 2015-08-19 35 38 M NOURI 1 From the Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR A MOGHADAM 2 AUTHOR H HAGHIGHATNIA 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION IN HUMAN DIARRHOEA PATIENTS IN WEST AZERBAIJAN, IRAN The stool samples from 363 diarrhoeic and non- diarrhoeic children and adults from several locations in two towns of west Azerbaijan area of Iran examined for Cryptosporidium infection by modified Ziehl- Neelsen technique revealed the presence of infection in 7.66% of diarrhoeic patients and in none of the non- diarrhoeic individuals. The percentage of detection was higher among females ( 11.21%) than males (4.96%). 10.12 percent of children below five years of age and4.65% of those between five and 15 years of age were positive, whereas only 2.12% of the adults were positive. The study has brought to light the existence of human Cryptosporidium infection in Iran perhaps for the first time. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1518-en.pdf 2015-08-19 35 38 M NOURI 1 From the Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR A MOGHADAM 2 AUTHOR H HAGHIGHATNIA 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE PITUITARY DEPENDENT CUSHING\'S SYNDROME IN IRAN During a 5-year experience with 32 adrenal tumors with different basic problems in the Department of Endocrinology , Taleghani Hospital, 25 were found pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome, "Cushing's disease." The treatment of patients with Cushing's disease depends on the presence or absence of pituitary tumor. Ifno pituitary tumor is demonstrated, irradiation can be given to the pituitary gland and if a pituitary tumor is present, hypophysectomy is the treatment of choice. If pituitary ablation fails to relieve the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, bilateral adrenalectomy is usually performed through the posterior approach. With regard to the poor results of radiation and hypophysectomy in Iran, these patients were referred directly for bilateral adrenalectomy to the Department of Surgery, Taleghani Hospital. The disease was predominatly seen in the young age group, females were more frequently affected than males and the common manifestation of hyperadrenocorticism were obesity, plethora, amenorrhea, and hirsutism. The diagnosis was made by a series of laboratory, roentgenographic, and C. T. scan studies. The surgical ablation of the target organs was usually performed by the posterior approach, and the pathologic results of operated patients were nodular hyperplasia and diffuse hyperplasia. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1517-en.pdf 2015-08-19 29 33 DJ MOFID 1 From the Department of Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, AUTHOR A.A.M.S. GHAZI 2 AUTHOR AA TAVAKKOLPOUR 3 AUTHOR MT SALEHIAN 4 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF FASCIOLIASIS IN NORTHERN IRAN Following an outbreak of fascioliasis in Anzali Harbor in 1988, 452 blood samples were collected using a multistage sampling method for hematological and serological studies. After determination of eosinophilia in the samples, antifasciolia antibodies in the sera were also determined using enzyme linked immuno sorbant assay (ELISA) and counter-current immuno electrophoresis (CCIE). 64.2% of the samples were collected from women and omitting the age effect and P<0.05, the rate of infection was 1.16 times more in women than in men as shown by hypereosinophilia and ELISA test results. Age distribution of seropositivity in both sexes with p<0.001 was statistically significant and the highest rate of seropositivity was seen among the below 20 age group in both sexes. The highest expected rate of seropositivity (24.12) was observed in location six (Taleghan area), but an average and more uniform distribution was seen in other locations. 50% of the samples using ELISA techniques and 34.95% using CCIE were positive indicating that point prevalence of the disease was in Anzali Harbor. It must be noted that all antibody positive samples showed hypereosinophilia as well and that ELISA technique was 52.6% more sensitive compared to CCIE. Of the 50% antibody positive cases, 13.7% had only IgG, 26.5% both IgG and IgM and 37.6% only IgM showing the chronic, subacute and acute condition of the disease respectively. The remaining 22% of the cases were IgA positive. In this investigation an incidence rate of 19% was obtained using ELISA technique which was indicative of a fasciolia epidemic in the region. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1516-en.pdf 2015-08-19 23 27 MEHDI ASSMAR 1 From the Pasteur Institute of Iran and• Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Gilan, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR AHAD MILANINIA 2 AUTHOR AREF AMIRKHANI 3 AUTHOR DAVOOD YADEGARI 4 AUTHOR KAMBIS FORGHANPARAST 5 AUTHOR HOSSAIN NAHRAVANIAN 6 AUTHOR NURAIE PIAZAK 7 AUTHOR AHMADREZA ESMAYLI 8 AUTHOR ARPI HOVANESIAN 9 AUTHOR ZARRINT AJ VALADKHANI 10 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE THE ASSOCIATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORI (HELICOBACTER PYLORI) WITH GASTRITIS AND PEPTIC ULCER We studied the relationship between gastroduodenal inflammation and the presence of Campylobaeter pylori from biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa in 91 patients with gastritis with or without ulcers and 9 controls, healthy or suffering from other diseases. 68 of the patients were positive for the presence of C. pylori in their gastric mucosa. C. pylori was confirmed bacteriohistologically in 22 out of31 cases with chronic gastritis, six of nine cases with gastric ulcer, 14 of 18 cases with duodenitis and 26 of 28 cases with duodenal ulcer. The control group and five patients with gastric cancer, all were negative for the presence of C.pylori. Our results are in agreement with the published data confirming the close association between chronic gastroduodenal inflammation and Campylobaeter pylori. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1515-en.pdf 2015-08-19 19 22 P ADlBFAR 1 From the Department of Microbiology, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. AUTHOR A MIRSALEHIAN 2 AUTHOR H GHOFRANI 3 AUTHOR M ALAVI 4 AUTHOR A RAGABI 5 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE HEMIFACIAL SPASM: A RERORT OF 100 CASES TREATED BY MICROVASCULAR DECOMPRESSION 100 patients with hemifacial spasm treated by microvascular decompression are presented. There were 60 females and 40 males. Their ages ranged from 29 to 75 years with a median age of 54 years, and the left side was involved predominantly. The common focal signs were facial nerve palsy in 41 cases, diminished hearing in 14 cases, trigeminal neuralgia in 11 cases, and homolateral trigeminal neuralgia in four cases. All of the patients underwent a lateral suboccipital craniectomy. In 96 cases of manifest vascular compression, the vessels were released and isolated from the facial nerve using muscle. In those cases where veins, adhesions, arachnoidal bridging or A. V .M. were responsible, the etiological factor was approached. The results of our patients are comparable with those reported by other authors. The mortality rate was 2%. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1514-en.pdf 2015-08-19 15 18 M FARAH 1 From the Department of Neurosurgery. Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of MedicaI Sciences. Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran AUTHOR B HERMANS 2 the Department of Neurosurgery, Nordstadt Hospital, University of Hannover. Hannover, Germany. AUTHOR M SAMII 3 AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE CORRELATION BETWEEN EXPRESSION OF CLASS I ANTIGEN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TUMOUR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TILS) FROM TUMOUR BIOPSIES OF PATIENTS WITH BLADDER CANCER This report presents the findings of TIL development from tumour biopsies of patients with bladder cancer. Analysis of tissue sections showed the presence of T cells in intra-epithelial layer in 8 of 12 cases investigated. In a larger group of patients, TILs were established from 7 of 20 cases and expansion of these cells in Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) resulted in increase cell number to as many as 100 fold. Cell surface antigen profile of the cells showed characteristics of activated T cells and showed cytotoxic activity against tumour cell lines K256 and Daudi. In one case where TILs and tumour cell line from the same individual was established, it was found that TILs showed low levels of cytotoxicity against the autologous tumour cells. Investigation of correlation between class I antigen expression and TIL development revealed that all the 7 cases of positive TILs were established from tissue expressing normal levels of free chain of class I antigens. These results are indicative of the presence of IL-2-expandable T cells in tumour biopsy of patients with bladder cancer and demonstrate that the successful expansion of these cells correlates with the normal expression of class I antigens. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1513-en.pdf 2015-08-19 9 14 AME NOURI 1 Depts.of• Medical Oncology AUTHOR AVL DOS SANTOS 2 Immunology of The Royal London Hospital, UK AUTHOR A SHAMSA 3 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE THERAPEUTIC EMBOLIZATION OF BRONCHIAL ARTERY FOR MASSIVE HEMOPTYSIS 34 bronchial and 13 intercostal arteries were selectively embolized in 27 patients. The most frequent predisposing factor was either active or residual pulmonary tuberculosis. The procedure was performed with Urografin as the contrast agent, cobra shaped or headhunter catheters, and gelfoam (no. 18) or Ivalon (no. 9) particles. The most common anatomic pattern was a common bonchial artery trunk (48%). Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 23 of27 patients (85%). Early recurrence (24-72 hours) occurred in 13%.2 patients underwent surgery following successful embolization. 16 patients were followed at least for six months, and reccurrent hemoptysis developed in three patients (18.75%). Spinal cord injury with neurologic symptoms occurred in one patient. The immediate cause of the injury was probably the toxicity of the contrast medium. http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1512-en.pdf 2015-08-19 1 7 FARHOOD SAREMI 1 From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran AUTHOR