en Internal Medicine Internal Medicine Original Research Original Research <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;</b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp; Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Seizure is a common complication of poisoning caused by toxins and various drugs. Epidemiological insights into xenobiotic-induced seizures enable emergency physicians to anticipate seizure risk during toxic exposures, optimize triage decisions, and tailor strategies. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and essential factors related to xenobiotic-induced seizures. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods:</b> This descriptive cross-sectional study included 122 patients who developed seizures following poisoning with drugs, alcohol, opioids, pesticides, or stimulants between July 2021 and June 2022.&nbsp; Sociodemographic profiles and details of the poisoning/ toxic agents were collected through bedside interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 21.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Results:</b>&nbsp; The majority of patients were men (110, 90.2%), with a mean age of 30.5 &plusmn; 11.99 years; 61 (50%) were married, and 95 (77.9%) resided in urban areas. Suicidal poisoning was the most frequent cause (62 cases, 50.8%), followed by poisoning related to substance abuse (33 cases, 27%). Opioids particularly tramadol (75 cases, 61.5%) were the leading cause of xenobiotic-induced seizures. All patients experienced generalized tonic&ndash;clonic seizures, with 87 (71.3%) having a single episode. Significant gender and occupation-based differences were observed: suicidal poisoning was more common among women, whereas substance abuse predominated among men. Education level was also found to influence the type of poisoning agent.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion:</b> Xenobiotic-induced seizures are predominantly associated with opioid poisoning, are prevalent among young males with suicidal tendencies and substance abuse. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies, early identification of at-risk individuals, and improved management protocols for poisoning-related seizures.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Seizure, Epidemiology, Xenobiotic, Toxicity 505 514 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-9339-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ali Banagozar-Mohammadi alibanagozar@gmail.com 200319475328460098352 200319475328460098352 No Toxicology Section, North-West Poisoning Center, Sina Educational Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Ali Ostadi ostadia@tbzmed.ac.ir 200319475328460098353 200319475328460098353 No Toxicology Section, North-West Poisoning Center, Sina Educational Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Arefeh Dawoodi arefehd431@gmail.com 200319475328460098354 0001-6991-0549-4984 No Department of Medical Surgical Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Javad Ahmadian Heris jahmadian@tbzmed.ac.ir 200319475328460098355 200319475328460098355 No Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sana Mojtahedy sanamoj87@gmail.com 200319475328460098356 0009-0006-0549-4048 No Student Research Committee, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Nilofar Akhondi Koshki sima137333@gmail.com 200319475328460098357 200319475328460098357 No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz university of medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hassan Rezazadeh rezazadeh@tbzmed.ac.ir 200319475328460098358 200319475328460098358 Yes 5. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz university of medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran