en Urology and Nephrology Urology and Nephrology Original Research Original Research Prom April, 1983 until December, 1987, 15 patients with horseshoe kidneys underwent surgery in Shahid Labbafi Nejad Medical Center. Pyelolithotomy was done in 11 cases, pyeloplasty in 2 cases, and nephrectomy in 2 cases. Symphysiotomy was performed in 14 of these patients. Preoperative angiography was not done in any of the cases and midline transperitoneal approach was utilized in all of the cases. We consider angiography an unnecessary invasive procedure in the great majority of the horseshoe kidney operations. Midline transperitoneal approach is far superior to flank approach in horseshoe kidney surgery. We also prefer symphysiotomy in these cases, since it improves drainage from horseshoe kidney pelvices. 175 178 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-489&slc_lang=en&sid=1 NASSER SIMFOROOSH 20031947532846005575 20031947532846005575 Yes From the Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran REZA MAHDAVI 20031947532846005576 20031947532846005576 No