en Pediatric Pediatric Applicable Applicable <p> <strong> Abstract </strong></p><p> <strong> Background: </strong>Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) is a distressing procedure </p><p>  for children. Conscious sedation with any drug that its dose would not influences the </p><p>  procedure is preferred. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of conscious sedation using oral midazolam in children undergoing VCUG. </p><p> <strong> Methods: </strong>From November 2008 to October 2009 period, 93 Patients (68 girls and </p><p>  25 boys), age ranging from 24 months to 11 years old (mean, 5.8 years) were double </p><p>  blindly randomized to receive a placebo (water) or oral midazolam before the examination. The primary outcome measures were patients' cooperation, facility of the procedure, 48 hours post procedure memory of children, bladder urine residue and </p><p>  detection of Vesocoureteral reflex. The data were analysed by SPSS and categorical </p><p>  variables compared using t-test and continuous variables compared using Chi. </p><p>  Square and Fisher’s exact tests. </p><p> <strong> Results: </strong>93 children were randomizly divided in two groups. In midazolam </p><p>  group, 44(93.6%) patients had good cooperation but in the control group 26(56.5%) </p><p>  had bad cooperation and 19 patients (41.3%) very bad cooperation (P=0.000). In midazolam group, 36 children (76.6%) had easy separation from their parents but in </p><p>  control group 20 children (43.5%) had moderate resistant and 21(45.7%) severe resistant. (P=0.000). Eighteen (38 %) patients of the study group and twenty patients </p><p>  (43 %) of control group had VUR respectively (P=0.65). </p><p> <strong> Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, midazolam is a useful sedation in children </p><p>  undergoing VCUG. </p><p>  </p> conscious sedation, midazolam, pediatric radiology, urinary tract infection,voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). 67 71 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-103&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hadi Sorkhi 20031947532846001952 20031947532846001952 No Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol, Iran. Mohammad Kazem Bakhshandeh Bali mkbakhshandeh@yahoo.com 20031947532846001953 20031947532846001953 Yes Amirkola Children Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Haji Ghorbann Nooreddini 20031947532846001954 20031947532846001954 No Babol Medical University, Iran.