en Pediatric Pediatric Original Research Original Research To estimate the bacterio-epidemiological situation of childhood respiratory tuberculosis in Iran, 2185 symptomatic patients of 0-14 years old were studied. Among 110 bacteriologically confirmed cases, 60% were less than five years old and the number of females was slightly more than males. In 21 % of patients, the Mantoux test was negative. None of the miliary cases had a history of BCG vaccination. In 54.6% of patients less than two years old, one of the family members was suffering from infectious tuberculosis. Clinical findings were fever, cough, weight loss and respiratory distress respectively. Radiological findings were mostly pneumonia or bronchopneumonia-like infiltrations and in 44% of cases were found in the right lung. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in 11.7% of patients were resistant to isoniazid or streptomycin. 1 4 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-298-763&slc_lang=en&sid=1 AA VELAYATI 20031947532846006492 20031947532846006492 Yes From the Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and the Division for Research on Pulmonary Diseases Institute Pasteur De L'lran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of lran. M MOHAMMADI 20031947532846006493 20031947532846006493 No