en Clinical Psychology Clinical Psychology Original Research Original Research <p> <strong> Abstract </strong><strong></strong></p><p> <strong> Background: </strong>Cosmetic rhinoplasty is now carried out increasingly in an attempt </p><p>  to solve the psychological and social problems of people who are discontent with </p><p>  their nose. Little is known about either the psychological status of persons who seek </p><p>  rhinoplasty or potential psychological changes following surgery. The challenge that </p><p>  faces surgeons, is how to identify, before surgical intervention those patients who </p><p>  may have a poor outcome in terms of psychological adjustment despite a technically </p><p>  satisfactory result. </p><p> <strong> Methods: </strong>Atotal of 96 patients (84 women and 12 men) who were seeking cosmetic </p><p>  rhinoplasty were selected and completed an adopted expectation questionnaire </p><p>  and SCL-90-R, a 90 item self-report symptom inventory which measures 9 primary </p><p>  symptom dimensions. It is designed primarily to reflect the psychological symptom </p><p>  patterns of psychiatric and medical patients. </p><p> <strong> Results: </strong>The majority of the patients reported that their noses made them selfconscious, </p><p>  and thought the rhinoplasty would change their lives. Interpersonal sensitivity </p><p>  and anxiety were the most reported symptoms in SCL-90-R, followed by obsessive- </p><p>  compulsive symptoms and depression. </p><p> <strong> Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study enhance our understanding of psychological </p><p>  factors in seeking rhinoplasty and provide insight into the surgical-psychological </p><p>  management of these patients. </p> psychological health, expectations, cosmetic rhinoplasty, SCL-90-R 198 202 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-16&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Azizeh Afkham-Ebrahimi afkhami@iums.ac.ir 20031947532846001687 20031947532846001687 Yes Department of Clinical Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Mansour Salehi 20031947532846001688 20031947532846001688 No Department of Psychiatry. Iran University of medical Sciences. MirFarhad Ghalebandi 20031947532846001689 20031947532846001689 No Department of Psychiatry. Iran University of medical Sciences. Alireza Kafian-Tafty 20031947532846001690 20031947532846001690 No Department of Psychiatry. Zahedan University of Medical Sciences,