en Virology Virology Original Research Original Research <p> <strong> Background: </strong>Human <i>Bocavirus </i><strong>( </strong>HBoV) infection is of worldwide distribution. There is increasing evidence that HBoV is pathogenic for the human gastroenteric tract. However, less data are available on the role of HBoV in gastroenteritis. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of HBoV in children with gastroenteritis. </p><p> <strong> Methods </strong><i>: </i>Real-time PCR TaqMan was used to screen 200 stool specimens that had been referred to the virology laboratory for HBoV evaluation. All of samples were collected on viral transport media. </p><p> <strong><i> Results: </i></strong><i>Of the 200 stool samples analyzed, 16 (8%) were positive for HBoV. Human <i>Bocavirus </i>positive samples from patients aged between 1 to 5 years with acute gastroenteritis infection suggest a minor role of HBoV in gastroenteritis (p=0.0001). </i></p><p> <strong> Conclusion </strong><i>: </i>The study showed a high prevalence of human <i>Bocavirus </i>in young children with acute gastroenteritis diseases in Iran, suggesting that HBoV play a role in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis. </p><p> </p> Gastroenteritis, Child, Human Bocavirus, Real-time PCR. 127 131 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-584&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyed Hamidreza Monavari hrmonavari@yahoo.com 20031947532846008505 20031947532846008505 Yes Department of Virology and Anti-Microbial Resistance Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran. Samileh Noorbakhsh samileh_noorbakhsh @yahoo.com 20031947532846008506 20031947532846008506 No Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamidreza Mollaie hamid2008kmu@gmail.com 20031947532846008507 20031947532846008507 No Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Fazlalipour 20031947532846008508 20031947532846008508 No Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bahman Abedi Kiasari babedik@yahoo.com 20031947532846008509 20031947532846008509 No Human Viral Vaccine Department, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.