en Urology and Nephrology Urology and Nephrology Original Research Original Research <p> <strong> Background: </strong>This research compares the outcomes of percutaneous technique and open surgical peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in children. </p><p> <strong> Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, between 2010 and 2011,a total of 35 pediatric uremic patients were enrolled and randomized into two study groups. Follow up data included duration of operation (minute), duration of hospitalization (days) and onset time of peritoneal dialysis. Complications were considered as mechanical and infectious. </p><p> <strong> Results: </strong>The percutaneous procedure was significantly faster than the open surgical technique (9.5 ± 1.81 versus 27.00 ± 2.61 minutes, p= 0.0001). The onset of dialysis was earlier in percutaneous insertion. There were no cases of hollow viscous perforation, early peritonitis and exit site infection at the 3^rd, 7^th, and 14^th day in both groups. Complications in open surgical group were include wrapped omentum in 4 (23.5%), catheter malposition in 3 (17.6%),delayed exit site infection in 2 (11.7%), Incisional hernia in 1 (5.8%)and hemoperitoneum in 2 (11.7%)cases. Complications in percutaneous insertion group were include catheter malposition and wrapped omentum each in one case. </p><p> <strong> Conclusion: </strong>Percutaneous method with secure insertion of the catheter reduced the rate of some complications.Although they were not statistically significant, this technique reduces the time of hospitalization and operation without need to general anesthesia. The onset of dialysis was earlier significantly. Trial registry code: IRCT2013091514670N1 </p> Surgical Procedures, Peritoneal dialysis, Catheters, Complications. 244 248 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-667&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Alireza Merrikhi merrikhi@med.mui.ac.ir 200319475328460012867 200319475328460012867 No Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Hojatollah Raji Asadabadi hojatollah_raji@yahoo.com 200319475328460012868 200319475328460012868 No Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Akbar Beigi beigi@med.mui.ac.ir 200319475328460012869 200319475328460012869 No Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Sayed Mahdi Marashi marashi_m@razi.tums.ac.ir 200319475328460012870 200319475328460012870 No Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization,Tehran, Iran. Hafez Ghaheri ghaherihafez@med.mui.ac.ir 200319475328460012871 200319475328460012871 Yes Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Zohre Nasiri Zarch nasiry_zohreh@yahoo.com 200319475328460012872 200319475328460012872 No Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.