en Pediatric Pediatric Original Research Original Research <p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), as one of the most common congenital endocrine disorders, may be significantly<br> associated with congenital malformations. This study investigates urogenital abnormalities in children with primary CH (PCH).<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> This case-control study was conducted on 200 children aged three months to 1 year, referred to Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak,<br> Iran. One hundred children with PCH, as the case group, and 100 healthy children, as the control group, were selected using convenient<br> sampling. For all children, demographic data checklists were filled, and physical examination, abdomen and pelvic ultrasound and<br> other diagnostic measures (if necessary) were performed to evaluate the congenital urogenital abnormalities including anomalies of the<br> penis and urethra, and disorders and anomalies of the scrotal contents.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Among 92 (100%) urogenital anomalies diagnosed, highest frequencies with 37 (40.2%), 26(28.2%) and 9 (9.7%) cases<br> including hypospadias, Cryptorchidism, and hydrocele, respectively. The frequency of urogenital abnormalities among 32 children<br> with PCH, with 52 cases (56.5%) was significantly higher than the frequency of abnormalities among the 21 children in the control<br> group, with 40 cases (43.4%). (OR=2.04; 95%CI: 1.1-3.6; p=0.014).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study demonstrated that PCH is significantly associated with the congenital urogenital abnormalities. However, due<br> to the lack of evidence in this area, further studies are recommended to determine the necessity of conducting screening programs for<br> abnormalities of the urogenital system in children with CH at birth.</p> Congenital hypothyroidism, Urogenital abnormalities, Children 34 39 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1028-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parsa Yousefi Chaijan 200319475328460031169 200319475328460031169 No Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, AmirKabir Hospital, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Fatemeh Dorreh 200319475328460031170 200319475328460031170 No Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, AmirKabir Hospital, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Mojtaba Sharafkhah sharafkhah@arakmu.ac.ir 200319475328460031171 200319475328460031171 Yes Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Mohammad Amiri 200319475328460031172 200319475328460031172 No Department of Emergency Medicine, Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Mohsen Ebrahimimonfared 200319475328460031173 200319475328460031173 No Department of Neurology, Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Mohammad Rafeie 200319475328460031174 200319475328460031174 No Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Fatemeh Safi 200319475328460031175 200319475328460031175 No Department of Radiology, Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.