en Pediatric Pediatric Original Research Original Research <p> <strong> Background: </strong>Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity during the early life period especially in developing countries. Micronutrients deficiencies have been proposed either as a risk factor or a consequence of diarrhea. Association studies highlight the relation of vitamins and minerals’ deficiencies with acute diarrhea. In this regard we aimed to evaluate the status of vitamins A and D, and zinc serum levels in children with acute diarrhea. </p><p> <strong> Methods </strong>: In this cross sectional study performed in a referral teaching hospital, we measured and compared baseline vitamin A, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), and zinc serum levels in 25 children admitted with acute diarrhea and 25 other children who were admitted for undergoing elective surgeries. </p><p> <strong> Results </strong>: 25-(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the diarrhea group (p=0.03). We were unable to demonstrate a significant difference in the levels of vitamin A and zinc between the case and control groups (p= 0.14 and p=0.07, respectively). </p><p> <strong> Conclusion </strong>: We observed lower serum 25(OH)D levels in children with acute diarrhea. Whether this finding indicates a premorbid risk factor or simply a consequence of diarrhea needs further studies. Regardless of the cause and effect relationship, supplementation with vitamin D in acute diarrhea remains as a plausibleconsideration. </p><p> <strong> </strong></p> Acute diarrhea, Micronutrients deficiencies, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Zinc, Children. 385 391 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-827&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elham Talachian talachian.e@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460016478 200319475328460016478 No Pediatric Gastroenterology division Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Bidari bidari.a@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460016479 200319475328460016479 Yes Emergency Department, Hazrat-e-RasoulAkram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Samileh Noorbakhsh Samileh_noorbakhsh@yahoo.com 200319475328460016480 200319475328460016480 No Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hazrat-e-RasoulAkram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Azardokht Tabatabaei azardokhttabatabaei@yahoo.com 200319475328460016481 200319475328460016481 No Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Hazrat-e-RasoulAkram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fereshteh Salari drfereshtehsalari@gmail.com 200319475328460016482 200319475328460016482 No