en Medical Education Medical Education Review Article Review Article <p>  Exploration into the concept of "medical expert" dates back to more than 50 years ago, yet yielding three leading theories in the area of clinical reasoning, namely, knowledge structure, hypothetic-deductive, and dual process. Each theory defines “medical expert” in a dissimilar way. Therefore, the methods of assessment through which the experts are identified have been changed during the time. In this paper, we tried to categorize and introduce some widely used tests for identification of experts within the framework of existing main theories. Implementation of the proposed categorization for providing future assessment tools is discussed. </p> Clinical reasoning, Assessment, Analytical approach, Non-analytical approach, Experts. 503 512 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-846&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elham Boushehri elhamboushehri@yahoo.com 200319475328460016800 200319475328460016800 No Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Kamran Soltani Arabshahi soltarab34@gmail.com 200319475328460016801 200319475328460016801 No Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences(CERMS), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Monajemi monajemi@med.mui.ac.ir 200319475328460016802 200319475328460016802 Yes Department of Philosophy of Science, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.