en Occupational Therapy Occupational Therapy Original Research Original Research <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;Background: </strong>Participation is mostly cultural and familial based, and there is not any assessment scales for evaluating kids&rsquo; participation in Iranian context, therefore the purpose of this study was developing children&rsquo;s participation assessment scale for Iranian children.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp; Methods</strong>: Development of this scale occurred in two phases; phase I: planning: following reviewing the literature and adopting and compiling some items of available evaluation tools in the area (such as CAPE, CPQ, CLASS, Life-H) and receiving advice from two expert panels, the preliminary94-item questionnaire was prepared. Phase II: construct: the survey study was carried out on40 children and 21 of their parents to assess the popularity of the activity in Iran; thus, the items of the questionnaire reduced to 92 and after face and content validity, the final version prepared with 71 items.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp; Results</strong>: The final 71-item questionnaire was developed in two parent-report and child-report versions. The 71 items based on the literature and expert panels&rsquo; advice were categorized in 8 areas of occupation according to Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (ADL, IADL, Play, leisure, social participation, education, work, and sleep/rest).</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp; Conclusion</strong>:&nbsp; Iranian children&rsquo;s participation assessment is a useful and culturally relevant tool to measure participation of Iranian children.&nbsp; It can be used in rigorous clinical and population-based research.</p> Scale development, Participation, Children, Outcome measure. 199 209 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-965&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Malek Amini malekamini8@gmail.com 200319475328460021415 200319475328460021415 No School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Afsoon Hassani Mehraban mehraban.a@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460021416 200319475328460021416 Yes Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Haghni haghani511@yahoo.com 200319475328460021417 200319475328460021417 No Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Asghar Asgharnezhad asgharnejad.ali@gmail.com 200319475328460021418 200319475328460021418 No Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Khayatzadeh Mahani mahany2002@yahoo.com 200319475328460021419 200319475328460021419 No School of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.