en Immunology Immunology Original Research Original Research <p> <strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> <strong>Background:</strong> Cytokines play a major role in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including those produced by Sulfur Mustard. This study describes the cytokine level six months after exposure to a single dose of sulfur mustard, defined by IL-1 􀈕 , IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, TGF β and TNF- α </p><p> <strong>Methods:</strong> The cytokine levels of Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) and sera of twenty male rats exposed to sulfur mustard were measured and compared with the control group. The rats in the test group were exposed to a single dose of sulphur mustard (inhalation) and left for up to 6 months. After six months the animals were anesthetised, blood samples were obtained from their heart using 5-mL syringes and serum was kept at -20ºC. Their BAL was collected by lavage. BAL fluid was centrifuged and left at -20ºC until assay. Cytokine assay was performed employing the ELISA Method (Bender Med Systems).</p><p> <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed significant differences (p<0.001) between the control and exposed groups in terms of all cytokine (IL-9, ϒ IFN, TGF β , IL-6, IL-1 􀈕 , IL-12 and TNF α ) productions in both the BAL fluid and serum. The most noticeable increase in cytokine release was seen in IL-9, which was 615.93% and 321.88% for the BAL fluid and serum, respectively (p<0.001). After IL-9 the highest increase was demonstrated for TGF- β and IL-6 in the BAL fluid which was 200.85% and 125.50% respectively.</p><p> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> From data presented here, it is possible to suggest that overproduction of IL-6, IL-9 and TGF β might be involved in the late outcome of lung injury after six months exposure to sulfur mustard.</p> Sulfur Mustard, BAL, Cytokine, Serum, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, TGFβ and TNF-α 52 56 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-207&slc_lang=en&sid=1 KAZEM AHMADI k.Ahmadi@bmsu.ac.ir 20031947532846002309 20031947532846002309 Yes Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Research Center of Molecular Biology, Tehran, I.R. IRAN GHASEM SOLGUE 20031947532846002310 20031947532846002310 No