en Nursing Education Nursing Education Original Research Original Research <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes is one of the chronic metabolic disorders among children and adolescents. Peers are also important units in diabetes management through adolescence. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer-based intervention in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp; Methods:</strong> Searching articles published prior to December 2013 in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Science Direct, Google scholar, CINAHL and Scopus, we found 8,548 publications. The first reviewer critically appraised the retrieved articles, using the CONSORT and the TREND checklists and then the second-assessor checked them. All abstracts were screened, and only eight full text articles remained for evaluation based on inclusion criteria</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp; Results:</strong> Eight studies, including five randomized controlled trials, one controlled trial, and two pre-post trials were critically appraised based on CONSORT and the TREND checklists. The outcomes of these studies were as follows: knowledge (three studies), attitude (two studies), performance (one study), clinical parameters&mdash;exclusively HbA1c&mdash;(four studies), and psychosocial parameters&mdash;such as quality of life, coping, self-care, self-confidence, satisfaction with the perceived social support, social skills, and diabetes-related conflicts</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp; Conclusion:</strong> The findings of this systematic review revealed that peer-based interventions could help to manage diabetes. While there is a lack of professional or family-based interventions and education, peers can be involved in the process of patient education. As there are few studies in the area of peer-based diabetes management, conducting further interventional studies with robust methodology is highly recommended.</p> <p></p> 1032 1045 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1076&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Sepideh Kazemi kazemi.sepide@yahoo.com 200319475328460025440 200319475328460025440 No Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Soroor Parvizy s_parvizy@yahoo.com 200319475328460025441 200319475328460025441 Yes Pediatric Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Centre for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERM), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Rasha Atlasi rashaatlasi@gmail.com 200319475328460025442 200319475328460025442 No Evidence Based Practice Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid R Baradaran baradaran.hr@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460025443 200319475328460025443 No Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.