en Nutrition Nutrition Original Research Original Research <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp; Background: </strong>Iron is one of the nutrients that has recently received considerable attention because of its dual role in the incidence of breast cancer. The present study aimed at comparing hematological parameters, iron levels, and oxidative stress in women with and without breast cancer.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Methods:</strong> The participants in this case-control study were 55 women, of whom 26 were new cases of breast cancer (confirmed by biopsy) as the case, and 29 without cancer (confirmed by mammography) as the control group. All participants underwent blood testing for complete blood count (CBC (free iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity) TIBC (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA).<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Results:</strong> The mean&plusmn;SD age of the participants was 44.25&plusmn;9.82 years, and there was no significant difference between groups. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups in variables, except the mean corpuscular volume of red cells (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH). The use of iron supplements was significantly higher in the control than in the case group (p= 0. 01), with an odds ratio of 0.19% (95% CI: 0.45-0.7). The mean serum DPPH was significantly higher in the control than in the case group (p= 0. 006), but comparison of serum MDA showed no significant difference between the 2 groups.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion:</strong> Iron deficiency anemia was greater in patients with breast cancer than in those without it. Moreover, iron supplementation appears to have a protective effect against breast cancer incidence. In addition, serum DPPH, as a total antioxidant index, was significantly higher in the control group.<br> &nbsp;</p> <p></p> Iron status, Breast cancer, Oxidative stress, Premenopausal 762 767 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3130-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Afsaneh Rajizadeh a.rajizadeh@gmail.com 200319475328460034556 200319475328460034556 No Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran & Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi mozaffari.kh@gmail.com 200319475328460034557 200319475328460034557 Yes Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran & Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Javad Zavar-reza jzavar@gmail.com 200319475328460034558 200319475328460034558 No Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyyed Mostafa Shiryazdi smshiryazdi@yahoo.com 200319475328460034559 200319475328460034559 No Department of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.