en Health Health Original Research Original Research <strong>Background:</strong> Reviewing the reproductive health indicators (RHIs) provides the possibility of periodic health system performance evaluation to achieve balanced development. This study aimed to determine the trend of ten reproductive health indicators changes during 2002-2011, and examining their relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI).<br> <strong>Methods: </strong>In this ecological study the trend of ten reproductive health indicators from five selected provinces of Iran were mapped. Then the relationship of these ten indicators with HDI was investigated using non parametric Spearman&#39;s rank correlation coefficient in SPSS v. 20.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> There was a statistically significant direct and strong correlation between the percentage of childbirth by a trained person and HDI (r= 0.9, p=0.037).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In our study, it can be expected that the provinces with similar reproductive health indicators, likely have similar HDI. Reproductive health indices, Human development index, Ecological study 317 320 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2868-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hamideh Sabet Rohani hamidehsabetrohani@gmail.com 200319475328460038546 200319475328460038546 Yes Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Ahmadvand ahmadvand.ar@gmail.com 200319475328460038547 200319475328460038547 No Global Health Clinical Research Training Fellow, Imperial College London, London, UK, & Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Gholamreza Garmaroudi garmaroudi@tums.ac.ir 200319475328460038548 200319475328460038548 No Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.