en Gynecology & Obstetrics Gynecology & Obstetrics Original Research Original Research <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><strong>&nbsp; Background: </strong>The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been rising worldwide in recent decades. Determining the associations between metabolic syndrome and its components in midpregnancy with neonatal anthropometric indices and outcomes is a major challenge in both public health and clinical care.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective cohort study was performed on 238 pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Metabolic syndrome was recognized with 3 or more of the following criteria: triglyceride &ge; 247 mg/dL; HDL < 61 mg/dL; GCT &ge; 140 mg/dL; prepregnancy body mass index &ge; 30 kg/m2; and blood pressure &ge; 130/85 mmHg. Statistical analysis was performed through descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, Fisher&rsquo;s exact test, linear and logistic regression in SPSS 21.0. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results:</strong> There was a significant association between blood hypertriglyceridemia in weeks 24-28 and anthropometric indices, including weight, height, and jaundice, in the first 24 hours of birth. Metabolic syndrome also had a significant relationship with jaundice (P=0.002). The results of linear regression analysis revealed that metabolic syndrome was positively associated with birth weight (B=0.18, P=0.003) and height (B=0.18, P=0.009). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, the results showed a direct relationship between increased blood triglyceride of the mother and newborn&rsquo;s weight (B=0.11, P=0.011) and height (B=0.14, P=0.007). Also, increased BMI had a significant direct relationship with the newborn&rsquo;s weight (B=0.11, P=0.023) and height (B=0.12, P=0.023). Moreover, decreased HDL had a significant reverse relationship with the newborn&rsquo;s weight (B=0.09, P=0.042).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Presence of metabolic syndrome and its components in midpregnancy may influence neonatal outcomes, especially anthropometric indices. However, more studies should be conducted to further investigate these relationships.<br> &nbsp; Pregnancy, Metabolic syndrome, Glucose challenge test, Neonatal outcomes, Neonatal anthropometric indices 906 913 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3891-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hadis Sourinejad hadis.s236@yahoo.com 200319475328460062204 200319475328460062204 No Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Arezoo Shayan arezoo.shayan2011@yahoo.com 200319475328460062205 200319475328460062205 No Departmnt of Midwifery, Fauclty Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shiva Niyati s.niyaty2001@yahoo.com 200319475328460062206 200319475328460062206 No Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Lida Moghaddam-Banaem Moghaddamb@modares.ac.ir 200319475328460062207 200319475328460062207 Yes Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran