Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran

en Point-of-admission hypoglycaemia among under-five Nigerian children with plasmodium falciparum malaria: prevalence and risk factors Pediatric Pediatric Original Research Original Research Abstract<o:p /> Background: Hypoglycaemia is a well recognized complication of falciparum malaria in children but its diagnosis may be overlooked because all the clinical features may be mimicked by severe malaria. To determine the prevalence of hypoglycaemia at the point of hospital admission of under-fives with falciparum malaria and identify its risk factors in patients seen in a Nigerian secondary-health-care institution.<o:p /> Methods: During a 12-month period and at the point of hospital admission, venous blood sample was collected into an appropriate sample bottle (fluoride-oxalate bottle) from 502 children who were below 5 years of age with positive falciparum malaria parasitaemia. The blood sample was analysed using the glucose-oxidase method. The duration of illness, degree of parasitaemia and time of last meal were noted for each child.<o:p /> Results: Ninety two (18.3%) out of 502 children below five years old with falciparum malaria had hypoglycaemia ( blood glucose below 2.6 mmol/L or 50 mg/dl) at the point of hospital admission. Twenty three percent (78 out of 339) of children below 36 months old were hypoglycaemic compared to 8.6% (14 out of 163) children aged 36 months and above (p=0.01). Prevalence of hypoglycaemia was higher in girls (20.7%) than boys (16.3%) [Odd ratio, OR = 0.75 (95% Confidence Interval, CI = 0.48-1.18)]. Forty (13.1%) out of 305 children whose time of last meal was 12 hours and below had hypoglycaemia compared to 52(26.4%) out of 197 whose time of last meal was greater than 12 hours (p=0.02). Hypoglycaemia at admission point was associated with a significant increase in mortality rate (p=0.00). The duration of illness and the degree of parasitaemia did not have significant difference with the prevalence of hypoglycaemia.<o:p /> Conclusion: In falciparum malaria, a greater interval (between 2 meals) than 12 hours in children below 36 months old predisposed them to hypoglycaemia. Routine monitoring of blood glucose at the admission point is suggested in malaria endemic region.<o:p /> Hypoglycaemia, prevalence, under-fives, risk factors. 78 84 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-302&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Alphonsus N. Onyiriuka alpndiony@yahoo.com; didiruka@gmail.com 20031947532846002992 20031947532846002992 Yes Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Pmb 1111, Benin City, Nigeria. Olasimbo O. Peter olasimbosojinu1@yahoo.com 20031947532846002993 20031947532846002993 No Paediatric Unit, St Philomena Catholic Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Louis C. Onyiriuka chinedu.louis@gmail.com 20031947532846002994 20031947532846002994 No School Of Medicine, College Of Medical Sciences, University Of Benin,Benin City, Nigeria. Patience O. Awaebe patcoded@yahoo.com 20031947532846002995 20031947532846002995 No Medical Laboratory Unit, St Philomena Catholic Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Fidelis U. Onyiriuka ivorytowersy2k@yahoo.com 20031947532846002996 20031947532846002996 No School Of Medicine, College Of Medical Sciences, University Of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.