en Health Management and Information Sciences Health Management and Information Sciences Systematic Review <strong>Background: </strong>Effective leadership is regarded as an important factor in organizational success. This study aimed at performing a systematic review on leadership effectiveness among hospital managers.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Methods: </strong>A search was conducted in ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Web of Science, Ovid, and Scopus databases on the factors related to effectiveness of hospital managers&rsquo; leadership during 1990 and 2016. The initial results included 2795 papers, but after further investigation and qualitative evaluation using CASP-19, a total of 8 papers were included in the systematic review. Then, summarizing, classification, and comparison were used for data analysis and synthesis.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Results: </strong>From among the 8 investigated papers, 4 were conducted in different regions of the US and the other 4 studies were done in Canada, India, Turkey, and South Africa. The latest and oldest studies were conducted in 2016 and 1992, respectively. The papers included 4 reviews, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 1 qualitative study. Effective factors on the effectiveness of managers&rsquo; leadership were identified and classified into 4 categories of self-management, people management, health services provision management, and nuclear management skills.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion:</strong> Despite the emphasis of various studies on the existence of different effective factors on hospital managers&rsquo; leadership, all these factors can be categorized as people management skills, self-management skills, nuclear management skills, and health services provision skills.<br> &nbsp; Leadership effectiveness, Self-management, Organizational success, Systematic review 27 32 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1481-8&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ali Sarabi Asiabar ali.sarabi_asiabar.mng@iauctb.ac.ir 200319475328460036530 200319475328460036530 No PhD Candidate of Public Administration, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Faculty of Management, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Saleh Ardestani abb.saleh_ardestani@iauctb.ac.ir 200319475328460036531 200319475328460036531 Yes Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran.