en Speech Therapy Speech Therapy Original Research Original Research <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><strong>&nbsp; Background: </strong>Past studies have documented working memory impairment in participants with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (IQ>70), but inconsistent findings have been reported. One possibility is the existence of verbal responses in the evaluation of working memory performance. The aim of the current study is to examine the working memory performance and its correlation with a prominent deficit in participants with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders by non-verbal working memory tasks compared with typically developing samples.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Methods: </strong>The current study is a cross-sectional, comparative study. The working memory performance of the 30 participants with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (7-16 years) and 30 typically developing was compared by working memory subtests of the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised in Tehran, Iran. Two groups were matched for age and gender. ANOVA, ANCOVA, repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson&rsquo;s correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data statistically. The significance value was set at p<0.05.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Results: </strong>The results showed that if the effect of FSIQ (full-scale intelligence quotient) were controlled individuals with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders exhibited significant impairment in the Reverse Memory subtest (p=0.001). Also, unpredictably Forward Memory (r=0.38, p=0.03) and Reverse Memory tasks (r=0.38, p=0.03) displayed a significant positive correlation with the Social interaction subscale of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (Second Edition).<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion: </strong>It seems that nonverbal working memory is impaired in persons with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders. Results of the current study revealed that factors like complexity and cognitive load of tasks may influence working memory performance in individuals with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders. Autism spectrum disorder, Executive function, Working memory 623 629 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4456-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Atusa Rabiee rabiee.a@tak.iums.ac.ir 200319475328460041986 200319475328460041986 No Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki vasaghi.b@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460041987 200319475328460041987 Yes Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sayyed Ali Samadi s.samadi@ulster.ac.uk 200319475328460041988 200319475328460041988 No Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK Younes Amiri-Shavaki Amiriyoon@Yahoo.com 200319475328460041989 200319475328460041989 No Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Alaghband-rad rad@dal.cd 200319475328460041990 200319475328460041990 No Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saba Seyedind s.seyedin86@gmail.com 200319475328460041991 200319475328460041991 No Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soode Hosseini Hoseini.soodeh@gmail.com 200319475328460041992 200319475328460041992 No Department of Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran