en Health Health Study Protocol Study Protocol <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><strong>&nbsp; Background: </strong>Overuse and underuse of health care services are progressively recognized in all health systems around the world. There is evidence of overuse and underuse of health care services in Iran. In this study, it was aimed to summarize the evidence of overuse and underuse of health care services in the Iranian health care system.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> This study will be conducted in 5 steps using a sequential explanatory multimethod design, literature review, systematic review, qualitative interview, expert panel, and policy Delphi method. This study was approved by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (ethical confirmation number:&nbsp; IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.908).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a strong evidence of worldwide overuse and underuse of health care services. Designing context-based prevention strategies by conducting comprehensive and systematic studies will improve the appropriate use of routine services and help patients, physicians, and providers make evidence-based decisions.<br> &nbsp; Medical overuse, Underuse, Health care services, Policy package, Iran 523 527 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2592-5&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Morteza Arab-zozani arab.hta@gmail.com 200319475328460062480 200319475328460062480 No Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics & Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Ali Janati janatiali82@gmail.com 200319475328460062481 200319475328460062481 Yes Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Zakaria Pezeshki Zakariapezeshki1382@gmail.com 200319475328460062482 200319475328460062482 No Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq Khodayarizarnagh.rahim@gmail.com 200319475328460062483 200319475328460062483 No Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran