en Medical Genetics Medical Genetics Review Article Review Article <strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing epidemic metabolic syndrome, which affects near 5.6% of the world&rsquo;s population. Almost 12% of health expenditure is dedicated to this disorder. Discovering and developing biomarkers as a practical guideline with high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of DM is one of the subjects of great interest among DM researchers due to the long-lasting asymptomatic clinical manifestation of DM. In this study, we described a recently identified molecular biomarker involved in DM.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> This review study was done at the Diabetes Research Center affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.&nbsp; PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: &ldquo;diabetes mellitus&rdquo;, &ldquo;biomarker&rdquo;, &ldquo;microRNA&rdquo;, &ldquo;diagnostic tool&rdquo; and &ldquo;clinical manifestation.&rdquo;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 107 studies were finally included in this review. After evaluating numerous articles, including original, meta-analysis, and review studies, we focused on molecular biomarkers involved in DM diagnosis and management.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Increasing interest in biomarkers associated with DM goes back to its role in decreasing diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. This review focused on major molecular biomarkers such as proteomic and microRNA (miRNAs) as novel and interesting DM biomarkers that can help achieve timely diagnosis of DM. Diabetes Mellitus, Biomarkers, MicroRNAs 196 203 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4748-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch mosenaghaei123@gmail.com 200319475328460063847 200319475328460063847 Yes Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani masoud.msdco@gmail.com 200319475328460063848 200319475328460063848 No Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mehrdad Talebi mehrdadtalebi171@gmail.com 200319475328460063849 200319475328460063849 No Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi mmvahidi@gmail.com 200319475328460063850 200319475328460063850 No Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran