en Microbiology Microbiology Original Research Original Research <strong>Background: </strong>Infection of burn wounds is one of the most important problems in the world. Lactobacillus plantarum is known for burn wound healing because of the immunomodulatory and anti-microbial roles. This study was performed to compare the effects of L. plantarum and imipenem &ndash; alone and in combination &ndash; on infected burn wound healing.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Methods:</strong> Burn wounds were experimentally induced on 50 rats in three test groups (germ and supernatant of L. plantarum) and two control groups (n=10 each) and were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During a 14-day period, wounds in all groups were daily treated topically. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey&ndash;Kramer and LSD. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Results:</strong> The mean size of the wound on day 14 after the treatment in the probiotic group was significantly lower than the control and the supernatant treated groups (p<0.05). &nbsp;The percentage of wound healing was significantly higher in the probiotic pellet treated group compared to the imipenem and the supernatant groups (by Anova test: 69.58%, p=0.022). The mean leukocyte count in the probiotic pellet group (12110) and supernatant group (13650) was significantly higher than the imipenem group (7670) (p=0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Wound cultures revealed that the percentage of cases where the pathogens had no growth was significantly different among&nbsp;the comparison groups. In all three test groups, P. aeruginosa was completely eliminated in comparison to the positive control group (p<0.05).<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion:</strong> The results of our study showed that L. plantarum and its by-products promote wound healing and can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to treat ulcer infections caused by resistant bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum, Imipenem, Burn, Wound healing 660 667 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4839-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Somayeh Soleymanzadeh Moghadam So.soleymanzadeh@yahoo.com 200319475328460064224 200319475328460064224 Yes Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nazanin Mohammad nazanin.mohammad67@gmail.com 200319475328460064225 200319475328460064225 No Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Ghooshchian ghooshchian.m@gmail.com 200319475328460064226 200319475328460064226 No Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara FathiZadeh sara.fathizadeh@yahoo.com 200319475328460064227 200319475328460064227 No Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zohreh Khodaii zkhodaii@yahoo.com 200319475328460064228 200319475328460064228 No Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Mahmood Faramarzi mahmoudfaramarzi@yahoo.com 200319475328460064229 200319475328460064229 No Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of immunology and infectious diseases, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeinab Fagheei Aghmiyuni Fagheei.zeinab@yahoo.com 200319475328460064230 200319475328460064230 No 1. Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Roudbari mroudbari@yahoo.co.uk 200319475328460064231 200319475328460064231 No Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, & Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolreza Pazouki drpazouk@yahoo.com 200319475328460064232 200319475328460064232 No Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery Fellowship Program, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Tahereh Mousavi Shabestari mousavi.ta@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460064233 200319475328460064233 No Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran