en Health Health Original Research Original Research <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><strong>&nbsp; Background: </strong>Contrary to health indices advancement during recent years, health inequalities are still a global challenge. This study aimed to determine socioeconomic factors for noncommunicable diseases using concentration indices (CI).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted on the baseline data from a cohort study in Fasa (southern Iran). Principle component analysis was used to measure asset index. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities were calculated by CI. Analysis was done at 95% confidence level using STATA software.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 7990 individuals were included in the study. The highest negative CIs were significantly found for epilepsy (-0.334), paramnesia (-0.255), and learning disabilities (-0.063), respectively, and the lowest were significantly found for chronic headaches (-0.046), recurrent headaches (-0.03), infertility (-0.028) and hypertension (-0.057). This index was positive for breast cancer (0.298). Furthermore, it was not Significant for diabetes, thyroid disorders, depression, and chronic lung diseases.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings showed a significant inequality in the most of the noncommunicable diseases in the region, which are more concentrated among the poorest population. Policymakers in the health system and city planners should consider these results to decrease the burden of noncommunicable diseases in the society by identifying vulnerable subcategories. Inequality, Noncommunicable Diseases, Concentration Index 605 609 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5058-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehdi Sharafi mehdisharafi_2002@yahoo.com 200319475328460063148 200319475328460063148 No Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Ehsan Bahramali mehdisharafi_2002@yahoo.com 200319475328460063149 200319475328460063149 No Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Mojtaba Farjam mehdisharafi_2002@yahoo.com 200319475328460063150 200319475328460063150 No Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran shahab Rezaeian shahab.rezayan@gmail.com 200319475328460063151 200319475328460063151 No Infectious Diseases Research Center, & Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Sima Afrashteh sima.afrashte3@gmail.com 200319475328460063152 200319475328460063152 No Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra Amiri amirizahra@yahoo.com 200319475328460063153 200319475328460063153 Yes Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran