en Epidemiology Epidemiology Original Research Original Research <strong>Background: </strong>Prisoners are at higher risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than the general population. This study reported the prevalence and correlated factors of STI-related symptoms among male prisoners in Iran.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> Participants were selected from 27 prisons across 16 Iranian provinces in 2013 using a multistage cluster sampling (N = 5490). Men aged &ge;18 years who spent at least one week in prison and self-reported having had sex during the previous year were eligible and asked if they have had penile discharge (PD) or genital ulcers (GU) within the last year. Demographic variables, HIV/STIs-related knowledge, STIs care-seeking practices, HIV self-perceived risk, history of substance use, and sexual behaviors were collected by face-to-face interviews. HIV tests were completed using the ELISA method. Factors associated with STIs-related symptoms were examined using logistic regression models, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,620 eligible male prisoners (mean age &plusmn; SD = 35.7 &plusmn; 8.9), 6.9% reported symptoms for PD, GU, or both; of whom 36.2% had not sought STIs care inside prison. A history of injection drug use (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.14), having access to condoms inside prison (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.82), self-perceived risk of HIV (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.24), and HIV-seropositivity (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.02, 10.61) were positively and having sufficient STIs-related knowledge (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89) was negatively associated with reporting STIs-related symptoms.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion:</strong> Despite the low prevalence of STIs among Iranian prisoners, initiation of screening among high-risk prisoners, including people who inject drugs and prisoners living with HIV, may prevent subsequent health effects. Current HIV/STIs prevention policies across Iranian prisons to help improve prisoners&rsquo; HIV/STIs knowledge and encourage their HIV/STIs preventive practices should be reinforced. Sexually Transmitted Infections, Symptoms, Prisoners, Surveillance, Iran 1269 1274 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4046-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Armita Shahesmaeili armita.shahesmaeili@gmail.com 200319475328460066892 200319475328460066892 Yes HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mostafa Shokoohi shokouhi.mostafa@gmail.com 200319475328460066893 200319475328460066893 No HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, , Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran & Division of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada Fatemeh Tavakoli fatemehtavakoli98@yahoo.com 200319475328460066894 200319475328460066894 No HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Hassan Rabiee rabiee.hasan@yahoo.com 200319475328460066895 200319475328460066895 No Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Kianoush Kamali kianoush.kamali@gmail.com 200319475328460066896 200319475328460066896 No 5. HIV & STI Control Department, Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Haghdoost ahaghdoost@gmail.com 200319475328460066897 200319475328460066897 No Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Karamouzian karamouzian.m@gmail.com 200319475328460066898 200319475328460066898 No Hamid Sharifi hsharifi@kmu.ac.ir 200319475328460066899 200319475328460066899 No HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran