en Nutrition Nutrition Original Research: Basic Science in Medicine Original Research: Basic Science in Medicine <strong>Background: </strong>Calorie Restriction (CR) is known as one of the most effective life-extending interventions. Therefore researchers are looking for other interventions or drugs to mimic the mentioned effects. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has recently gained more attention recently as one of the CR mimetics. Here we evaluate and compare the effects of CR or TRF on cognitive function in young animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> This is an experimental study that three-week-old male Wistar rats (n:52) were subjected to a control diet (n:11) or HFD (n:42). Then the HFD group was divided into 1) 30% calorie restriction (CR), 2) Night Intermittent Fasting (NIF), 3) Day Intermittent Fasting (DIF), and 4) Ad-Libitum (AL) with the standard diet for ten weeks (each of 9). An independent T-test or Mann&ndash;Whitney test was used for the first phase and in the second phase of the study, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey post-hoc tests, or Kruskal&ndash;Wallis and post-hoc Bonferroni test were used. P-values of <0.05 were considered significant<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results: </strong>Deteriorated mental function was significantly lower in HFD than CON (p= 0.041).&nbsp; CR was still more efficient than NIF in cognitive function in obese subjects. Post-hoc test indicated that from day 2-4, escape latency was significantly shorter in NIF and CR, which was not seen in other groups (p=0.045).<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp; While TRF has garnered much attention recently, here we show that CR is still more efficient in learning and memory tasks. Longer fasting times and different fasting periods are recommended to study. Cognitive Function, Calorie Restriction, Intermittent Fasting, Circadian 97 103 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3712-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nazanin Asghari Hanjani nazaninhanjani_1990@yahoo.com 200319475328460068273 200319475328460068273 No Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Negar Zamaninour Zamaninour.n@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460068274 200319475328460068274 No Department of Minimally Invasive, Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh Athari Nik Azam atharisetareh@gmail.com 200319475328460068275 200319475328460068275 No Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aghafatemeh Hosseini hosseini.f@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460068276 200319475328460068276 No Department of Statistics and Mathematics, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farinaz Nasirinezhad nasirinezhad.f@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460068277 200319475328460068277 No Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Teharn.Iran MohammadReza Vafa vafa.m@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460068278 200319475328460068278 Yes Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran