en Epidemiology Epidemiology Original Research Original Research <strong>Background: </strong>Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease that is still considered as a health problem in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of anthrax using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> This study is descriptive analytical study. Information on anthrax was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Results:</strong> The highest incidence of anthrax during 2010-2015 was observed in the provinces of Kurdistan, North Khorasan, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, respectively. The trend of the incidence of anthrax in Iran had increased from 2010 to 2013, while its incidence decreased in 2014. Based on the results of modeling in Iran, the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan, respectively, with 37.16%, 33.83%, 16.78%, and 10.49% of their area (km&sup2;) had the highest risk of anthrax disease in the country in the year 2021.<br> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion:</strong> Since the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan are among the high-risk areas in the country in the coming years, the cooperation between the veterinary organization and the health care system and the vaccination of livestock in these areas can significantly help to control and prevent the disease. Prediction of the Incidence, Anthrax, GIS, Iran 277 282 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5715-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Behzad Amiri behzadamiri@yahoo.com 200319475328460063387 200319475328460063387 No Department of Zoonotic Disease, Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Ghaderi ebrahimghaderi@yahoo.com 200319475328460063388 200319475328460063388 Yes Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Parvin Mohamadi parvinmohamadi@yahoo.com 200319475328460063389 200319475328460063389 No Department of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Samira Shirzadi samirashrzadi@yahoo.com 200319475328460063390 200319475328460063390 No Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Shahla Afrasiabian shahlaafrasiabian@yahoo.com 200319475328460063391 200319475328460063391 No Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Heyman Salimi Zand salamizand@yahoo.com 200319475328460063392 200319475328460063392 No Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Asrin Karimi karimiA@yahoo.com 200319475328460063393 200319475328460063393 No Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Elham Goodarzi elhamgoodarzi.1370@yahoo.com 200319475328460063394 200319475328460063394 No Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Zaher Khazaei zaherkhazaei@yahoo.com 200319475328460063395 200319475328460063395 No Department of Public Health ,School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Leili Moayed moayedl@yahoo.com 200319475328460063396 200319475328460063396 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran