en Health Health Original Research Original Research <div> <div> <div id="_com_1" uage="JavaScript"><strong>Background: </strong>Non-compliance to the treatment is a major problem in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to determine factors predicting adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients in selected cities of Khuzestan province, Iran.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Ahvaz, Shush, Shushtar, and Dezful cities. The data collection tools were ESRD-AQ, perceived health, perceived social support, Beck Depression, self-efficacy, and demographic and clinical factors questionnaires.&nbsp; Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson&rsquo;s correlation coefficient. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationship between various exogenous and endogenous or mediating variables.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that all predicting variables of perceived social support, depression, self-efficacy, and perceived health had been associated with the variable of adherence to treatment. Accordingly, there was a reverse correlation between social support and depression (p< 0.001, r= -0.94), as well as depression and self-efficacy (p< 0.001, r= -0.87). There was a direct correlation between self-efficacy and perceived health (p< 0.001, r= 0.79), perceived health and adherence to treatment (p< 0.001, r= 0.72). Fitness indices also indicate the adequacy of the proposed model (X2/df= 4.94, CD=0.937, SRMR=0.076, TLI= 0.870, CFI= 0.873, RMSEA= 0.071).&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that high social support, low level of depression, high perceived self-efficacy, and high perceived health predicted better compliance with the treatment in hemodialysis patients. The proposed model can be used as a framework to improve adherence to treatment regimens in hemodialysis patients.<br> </div> </div> </div> Dialysis, Social Support, Depression, Health, Self-Efficacy, Treatment Adherence And Compliance, Kidney Failure 187 193 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5961-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Behnaz Asadizaker b_asadi1993@yahoo.com 200319475328460068403 200319475328460068403 No Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mahin Gheibizadeh gheibizadeh-m@ajums.ac.ir 200319475328460068404 200319475328460068404 Yes Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Saeed Ghanbari saeedghanbari6.24@gmail.com 200319475328460068405 200319475328460068405 No Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Marzieh Araban arabanm@ajums.ac.ir 200319475328460068406 200319475328460068406 No Department of Health Education and Promotion, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran