Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran
مجله پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
Med J Islam Repub Iran
Medical Sciences
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir
2
journal2
1016-1430
2251-6840
8
10.18869/mjiri
14
8888
13
en
jalali
1399
10
1
gregorian
2021
1
1
35
1
online
1
fulltext
en
Opium use reporting error in case-control studies: neighborhood controls versus hospital visitor controls
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Original Research
Original Research
<strong>Background: </strong>There are relatively scant data to determine whether hospital visitors could serve as a proper source of controls in case-control studies of illicit drug use. The aim of this study was to evaluate using neighborhood versus hospital visitor controls in reporting opium use.<br>
<strong>Methods:</strong> We used data from 2 independent case-control studies of cancer in Iran. In the first study, controls were selected from neighborhoods of the patients. For the second one, controls were selected from among hospital visitors. In the latter study, hospital visitors were companions of the patients or others visiting the hospital for reasons other than disease treatment. We used stata (version 12; Stata Corp( for all analyses and with a significance level of 0.05.<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> Data from 616 of neighborhood controls and 414 of hospital visitor controls were analyzed. Opium point prevalence among men was significantly higher in hospital visitors than neighborhood controls (43.3% vs 32.2%; P = 0.047), while the prevalence of cigarette smoking was very similar in both control groups (46.3% vs 47.2%; P = .847). Using a logistic regression analysis, in an unadjusted analysis, neighborhood controls were less likely to report opium use in both genders, with (unadjusted OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.59,1). After adjusting for potential confounders, the differences of opium use between the 2 control groups became more pronounced (Adjusted OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.69).<br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Because of the similarity of reporting cigarette smoking among neighborhood controls but substantially lower reporting of opium use among them, we concluded that neighborhood controls underreport opium use—a sensitive question— and that using neighborhood control biases the findings in case-control studies. Hospital visitor controls may be more appropriate than neighborhood controls for case-control studies of illicit drugs.<br>
Substance-Related Disorders, Opium, Case-Control Study, Epidemiologic Studies, Cigarette Smoking, Hospital Visitor Control
457
463
http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3521-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1
Elham
Mohebbi
mohebi.el@gmail.com
200319475328460063245
200319475328460063245
No
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, & Department of Pathology, Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Hamideh
Rashidian
hmdhrashidian@yahoo.com
200319475328460063246
200319475328460063246
No
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ahmad
Naghibzadeh Tahami
anaghibzadeh61@gmail.com
200319475328460063247
200319475328460063247
No
Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
Ali Akbar
Haghdoost
ahaghdoost@gmail.com
200319475328460063248
200319475328460063248
No
Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
Afarin
Rahimi-Movaghar
rahimia@sina.tums.ac.ir
200319475328460063249
200319475328460063249
No
Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Monire Sadat
Seyyedsalehi
salehy.monir@yahoo.com
200319475328460063250
200319475328460063250
No
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abass
Rezaianzadeh
rezaiana@gmail.com
200319475328460063251
200319475328460063251
No
Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Maryam
Marzban
marzbanh@gmail.com
200319475328460063252
200319475328460063252
No
Clinical Research Development Center, “The Persian Gulf Martyrs”, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
Abdolvahab
Moradi
abmoradi@gmail.com
200319475328460063253
200319475328460063253
No
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Mahin
Gholipour
dr_gholipour@yahoo.com
200319475328460063254
200319475328460063254
No
7. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Maryam
Hadji
mrym.hadji@gmail.com
200319475328460063255
200319475328460063255
No
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran & Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
Farin
Kamangar
farin.kamangar@morgan.edu
200319475328460063256
200319475328460063256
No
Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Kazem
Zendehdel
kzendeh@sina.tums.ac.ir
200319475328460063257
200319475328460063257
Yes
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran