en Nephrology Nephrology Original Research Original Research <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Urolithiasis is a common, sever, painful, and costly disease with a high probability of relapse. This study was performed to compare the effect of Polycitra-K containing potassium citrate and Bicitra containing sodium citrate in the treatment of kidney stones in children who referred to Hazrat Masoumeh hospital in Qom.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods:</b> This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 176 patients aged between 5 and 18 years old with kidney stones, hypocitraturia, and negative urine who referred to Hazrat Masoumeh hospital in Qom (Iran). Patients were divided into 2 groups of treatment (a dose of 1 mL/kg or 1-1.5 mg/ kg Polycitra-K) and control (Bicitra in the same dose). The results of kidney ureter bladder X ray (KUB ) was followed and the 2 groups were compared. The chi-square test or the Fisher exact test was used to analyze qualitative values in the treated groups.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Results:</b> Regarding bladder stones, there was a significant difference between the 2 treatment groups (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">p</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.025), in which16 patients (18.2%) in the Polycitrat-K group and 29 patients (33%) in the Bicitra group had bladder stones. With respect to stone passage, 58 patients (65.9%) in the Polycitra-K group and 36 patients (40.9%) in the Bicitra group were recorded. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion:</b> Oral Polycitrat-K is an effective preferential supplement against kidney stones in children due to urine alkalization, but the results of our study showed that both Polycitrat-K and Bicitra drugs have similar effects as therapeutic agents.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Registration code in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20190619043945N1</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> Polycitra-K, Bicitra, Urolithiasis 503 507 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6503-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Reza Razavi dr.rezarazavimd@gmail.com 200319475328460070841 200319475328460070841 No Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, & Pediatric Clinical Research of Development Center, Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital, Mostafa Vahedian vahedian85@gmail.com 200319475328460070842 200319475328460070842 No Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Fereshteh Motharinejad dfm_medical@yahoo.com 200319475328460070843 200319475328460070843 No Pediatric Clinical Research of Development Center, Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Hojatollah Jafari Jafari ahw_2704@ yahoo.com 200319475328460070844 200319475328460070844 No Pediatric Clinical Research of Development Center, Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital, & Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Mohsen Akhavan Sepahi makhavan@muq.ac.ir 200319475328460070845 200319475328460070845 Yes Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, & Pediatric Clinical Research of Development Center, Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital,