Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran

en Three-dimensional (3D) Visualization Educational Modeling for Ophthalmology Residents’ Training: Viewpoints Medical Education Medical Education Original Research Original Research Background: Three-dimensional models are used to guide residents and physicians in accessing specific anatomical areas and types of fractures and better diagnosis of anomalies. These models are useful for illuminating complex anatomical areas, such as orbit, especially limited space with sensitive access. The aim of this study was to design a three-dimensional visualization educational modeling for ophthalmology residents’ training.    Methods: This study is a product-oriented application that uses radiological images of anatomy, anomalies, and orbital fractures based on actual CT scans of patients. These CT scans were carefully selected from the Picture Archiving and Communication System of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.    Results: To produce twelve 3D models, the CT scan files were converted to 3D printer output. Then, the models were presented to residents at a training session by an ophthalmologist. These models created all major fractures associated with the orbit area and most disorders, anomalies of this area and several normal anatomical.  The features of 3D models were mentioned. The strengths and weaknesses of the educational modeling, the level of satisfaction with the use of three-dimensional models, suggestions and criticisms were assessed qualitatively by the residents. Satisfaction was reported 100% by residents. Suggestions for future 3D models were presented, and the only criticism was fear of exams and grades.    Conclusion: Real-size 3D modeling help to understand the spatial and mental imagery of anatomy and orbital pathology and to touch different anatomical areas creates a clear image in the minds of residents, especially in the orbit. Modeling, Printing, Visualization, Three-Dimensional, Training, Ophthalmic 873 880 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6695-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Roya Vatankhah vatankhahr1@mums.ac.ir 200319475328460072776 200319475328460072776 No Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Etezad Razavi EtezadM@mums.ac.ir 200319475328460072777 200319475328460072777 No Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Siros Nekooei NekooeiS@mums.ac.ir 200319475328460072778 200319475328460072778 No Department of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Majid KhademRezaiyan KhademRM@mums.ac.ir 200319475328460072779 200319475328460072779 No Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Bahar Tafaghodi Yousefi Tafaghodib3123@gmail.com 200319475328460072780 200319475328460072780 No Khatam Eye Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hossein Karimi Moonaghi KarimiH@mums.ac.ir 200319475328460072781 200319475328460072781 No Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, & Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ali Emadzadeh Emadzadeha@mums.ac.ir 200319475328460072782 200319475328460072782 Yes Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran