en Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Original Research Original Research <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><strong>&nbsp; Background: </strong>Action Observation Therapy (AOT) is a top-down approach that has been recently introduced in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders mainly after stroke. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects and feasibility of a new technique in AOT procedure (called self-AOT) following periods of no treatment and routine AOT intervention on upper limb motor function, occupational performance and neurophysiological changes in a stroke patient.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> A single-subject A-B-A-C design was used and a 58-year-old woman with a 3-year history of left hemiplegia poststroke participated in this study.&nbsp; In the baseline (A1, A2) phases, the patient received no treatment. In the first intervention (B phase), she received a 4-week AOT, and in the second intervention (C phase), a 4 week of Self-AOT was practiced. In all phases, upper limb motor recovery as a target outcome was evaluated on 4 occasions using the Fugl-Meyer assessment. Upper limb function, dexterity and spasticity were assessed using Action Research Arm Test, Box-Block Test and Modified Modified Ashworth Scale respectively. Occupational Performance/Satisfaction was assessed with Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and to assess neuroplasticity, Motor Evoked Potential was recorded by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Visual analysis, slope, and percentage of non-overlapping data were used for assessing the changes between phases.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results:</strong> Percentage of non-overlapping data and slopes indicated that motor recovery had clinically relevant improvements after both interventions compared to baselines. Other outcomes also showed improvements except for spasticity of wrist/elbow flexors and Motor Evoked Potential of opponens indicis.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Self-AOT may be as effective as other procedures of AOT for improving upper limb motor function, occupational performance/satisfaction, and cortical excitability post-stroke.<br> &nbsp; Action Observation Therapy, Mirror Neurons, Neuroplasticity, Stroke, Upper Limb 1434 1443 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1528-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Aryan Shamili shamili.a@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460090636 200319475328460090636 No 1. Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afsoon Hassani Mehraban mehraban.a@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460090637 200319475328460090637 No Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Azad azad.a@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460090638 200319475328460090638 Yes Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholam Reza Raissi Graissi@gmail.com 200319475328460090639 200319475328460090639 No Neuromusculoskeletal research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Shati shatiepid@gmail.com 200319475328460090640 200319475328460090640 No Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ata Farajzadeh Ata.Farajzadeh@gmail.com 200319475328460090641 200319475328460090641 No School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada