en Neonatal Neonatal Original Research: Clinical Science Original Research: Clinical Science <strong>Background: </strong>Severe indirect hyperbilirubinemia causes neurotoxicity, leading to potential permanent injuries to the neonatal nervous system. The present study intended to compare the effectiveness and complications of Single-Surface Intensive Phototherapy (SSIP) and Double-Surface Intensive Phototherapy (DSIP) in treating non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal ward of the Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Methods:</strong> In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 150 healthy full-term neonates born between 37-42 weeks gestation with ages <14 days old and birth weights &ge;2500 gr who were affected by non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia with total serum bilirubin of 15-20 mg/dL were randomly allocated to two groups. Each group (n=75) underwent either SSIP or DSIP. Demographics, bilirubin level alterations, weight, platelet count, number of defecation per day, and body temperature of the patients were monitored and recorded in a specific questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 software, with the Chi-square and independent t-test.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results: </strong>The pre-intervention levels of indirect bilirubin were 17.07&plusmn;1.46 mg/dL in the SSIP group and 17.10&plusmn;1.54 mg/dL in the DSIP group (P-value = 0.853). After 24 and 48 hours of treatment, the mean indirect bilirubin level of the SSIP group reduced to 13.12&plusmn;1.71 mg/dL and 9.69&plusmn;1.68 mg/dL, respectively. In the DSIP group, the levels were 11.85&plusmn;2.17 mg/dL and 8.43&plusmn;1.56 mg/dL after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively. The absolute reductions of indirect bilirubin were 7.76&plusmn;3.28 mg/dL for the SSIP group and 8.96&plusmn;4.49 mg/dL for the DSIP group (P-value = 0.458). Therefore, the indirect bilirubin levels were significantly different between the groups after 24 and 48 hours of treatment and at the time of discharge (P<0.05). There were no significant inter-group differences in weight, platelet count, and incidence of skin rash, while the number of defecation and body temperature were higher in the DSIP group (P <0.05). However, body temperature alterations had no clinical relevance.<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Compared to the SSIP, the DSIP showed faster effectiveness and led to a shorter hospital stay, while it did not entail higher levels of complications. Neonates, Non-hemolytic Hyperbilirubinemia, Single-Surface Intensive Phototherapy, Double-Surface Intensive Phototherapy 1429 1433 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6913-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Kazem Sabzehei mk_sabzehei@yahoo.com 200319475328460090642 200319475328460090642 No Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shadi Waisi shadiwaisi@yahoo.com 200319475328460090643 200319475328460090643 No Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Maryam Shokouhi Shokohisolgi@umsha.ac.ir 200319475328460090644 200319475328460090644 Yes Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Leili Tapak l.tapak06@gmail.com. 200319475328460090645 200319475328460090645 No Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran