Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran

en Willingness to Pay for Down Syndrome Screening: A systematics Review Health Management and Economics Health Management and Economics Systematic Review     Background: Financial ability to pay has a unique role in the accessibility of health care services, which indicates the necessity of raising enough funds by governments. However, how much households are willing to pay (WTP) for receiving a particular service? And what factors influence their WTP? The current systematic review aimed to, firstly, review studies on the WTP for Down syndrome (DS) screening, and, secondly, to identify factors that affect WTP for DS screening.    Methods: We systematically searched the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Sciences (ISI), and Embase databases to identify relevant studies from their inception to June 2020; the search strategy was updated on December 2021. Initially, 157 articles were identified, and 5 were found eligible for full-text review. In event of any disagreement, a third reviewer was used. Extracted WTPs were converted to US dollars in 2018 using exchange rate parity and the present value formula to make a comparison. The quality assessment of the selected studies was done using the "Lancsar and Louvier" and Smith checklist; also, vote counting was used to assess the influence of factors.    Results: Five eligible studies, published from 2005 to 2020, were fully reviewed. All final studies were scored as good quality. The extracted WTPs varied from $169 to $1118 in UK and Canada, respectively. Income and information/knowledge about screening tests were the most frequently investigated factors. Education level, detection rate, women's age, cost, and family history were significantly associated with higher levels of WTP for DS screening.    Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant gap in WTP for DS screening in various countries. Women are WTP higher costs for tests with higher screenings. Also, a unique role was identified for income, occupation, information, and family history of DS in WTP for DS screening. In addition, a positive association was found for the variable of age. Willingness to Pay, Contingent Valuation, Down Syndrome Screening, Early Detection, Systematic Review 1140 1147 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6981-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Shima Nikjoo Nikjoo.s@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460074682 200319475328460074682 No 1. Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aziz Rezapour Rezapour.a@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460074683 200319475328460074683 Yes 2. Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Najmeh Moradi najme.moradi@gmail.com 200319475328460074684 200319475328460074684 No Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Setareh Nasiri Zeidi setare_n99@yahoo.com 200319475328460074685 200319475328460074685 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Kabir Kabir.a@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460074686 200319475328460074686 No Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Centre (MISRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran