en Orthopedic Surgery Orthopedic Surgery Original Research Original Research <p> <strong> Abstract </strong></p><p> <strong> Background: </strong>Pseudoarthrosis of the tibia poses one of the most challenging treatment </p><p>  problems in all of orthopedics. The goal of the study was to assess the clinical </p><p>  outcome of intramedullary rod fixation in its treatment. </p><p> <strong> Methods: </strong>The results of the management for nine patients with pseudoarthrosis of </p><p>  the tibia with IM rod fixation were reviewed retrospectively between 1986 - 2006. </p><p>  The mean duration of follow up was 8.95 years (range, 3.5 months to 14.2 years). The </p><p>  mean age of the patients at the latest follow up was 13.5 years (range, 9 to 23 years). </p><p> <strong> Results: </strong>Initial :::union::: of the fracture site occurred in seven of nine patients with </p><p>  the mean duration of 7.6 months (range, 3.5 to 15.5 months). Five patients had limb </p><p>  length discrepancy with the mean of 7.2 cm (range, 1.5 - 12 cm). Three of them were </p><p>  treated with tibia lengthening procedure with the Ilizarov method. One had a peroneal </p><p>  nerve palsy postoperatively. Two patients had refracture treated with casting </p><p>  and rod exchange. Electrical stimulation was applied in two patients but it was impossible to predict how much it played a role in the :::union:::. </p><p> <strong> Conclusion: </strong>IM rod fixation technique has a satisfactory functional outcome. The </p><p>  technique has a high level of acceptance by parents and patients. It should be recommended </p><p>  as the treatment of choice for the management of congenital pseudoarthrosis </p><p>  of the tibia. </p><p>  </p> Intramedullary rod, congenital pseudoarthrosis 90 95 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-66&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyed Abas Behgoo 20031947532846001808 20031947532846001808 No Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Ramezan Shirazi Mehdi.shirazi@yahoo.co.uk 20031947532846001809 20031947532846001809 Yes Shafa Yahyaian Hospital, Baharestan Sq., Tehran, Hajir Gharati 20031947532846001810 20031947532846001810 No Shafa Yahyaian Hospital, Tehran, Iran.