en Neurosurgery Neurosurgery Original Research Original Research <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD) is a crucial emergency complication of cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). Although there are several treatment options for AD, unfortunately, there is no consensus on the treatment of AD.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">This study aimed to present Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) development for AD in SCI in different conditions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods: </b>The project was carried out by an executive team of general practitioners and neurosurgeons. A national multidisciplinary panel of experts performed the decision-making step, which consisted of deciding on the final list of recommendations and articulating novel recommendations regarding the infrastructure and fundamental elements necessary for managing patients suffering from AD. Four appraisers evaluated the guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tools. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Results:</b> A total of 575 articles were found after searching different databases. After the primary screening, title, abstract, and full-text screening were performed, which yielded 9 records. Five were excluded after the AGREE II evaluation. The source guidelines&rsquo; recommendations were tabulated as possible scenarios for 15 patient/population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes clinical questions. Based on the expert panel&rsquo;s opinion, all the recommendations were adaptable. Finally, the suggestions were transformed into a protocol for managing patients suffering from autonomic dysreflexia.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion: </b>This guideline presented the treatment and pharmacotherapy of autonomic dysreflexia. However, the treatment is being updated. We suggest more educational multimedia for health care professionals, primarily in the emergency department.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Autonomic Dysreflexia, Care Protocol, Spinal Cord Injuries, Guideline 858 864 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1066-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hannan Ebrahimi ebrahimi.hannan@gmail.com 200319475328460079990 200319475328460079990 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, & Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Farzad Maroufi farzadmaro@gmail.com 200319475328460079991 200319475328460079991 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shayan Abdollahzadegan shayan.zadegan@gmail.com 200319475328460079992 200319475328460079992 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar v_rahimi@sina.tums.ac.ir 200319475328460079993 200319475328460079993 Yes Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, & Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, & Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, & Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), & Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran & Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada