en Pathology Pathology Original Research Original Research <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">The increasing incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the inadequacy of routine histologic examination in its diagnosis necessitate the application of ancillary studies like immunohistochemistry. This research aimed to investigate the scoring system and diagnosis of PTC with cytokeratin 19 (CK19), human bone marrow endothelium marker-1 (HBME-1), and galectin-3. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods:</b> This experimental laboratory study was performed at Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran from April 2017 to March 2019. Neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue samples of 100 cases with a diagnosis of PTC were selected by convenience sampling. CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 immunohistochemistry markers were used on tissue samples. Analysis was performed using the t test and the chi-square test, as well as the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (significance level </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> < 0.05). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Results: </b>The CK19 staining was observed in all 100 (100%)&nbsp; non-neoplastic tissues, but HBME-1 and galectin-3 were positive in 36 (36%) and 14 (14%) of non-neoplastic tissues, respectively. The intensity scores of all the markers and their total had significantly different means in PTC and non-neoplastic tissues (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> < 0.001). A significant difference was observed between the total score of each marker and the total score of their combination (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> < 0.001). The combination of all 3 markers with an 11.5 0 cut-off for the total score showed the most sensitive (0.99) and specific (1.00) results.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion:</b> Interpreting CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 with the aid of the proposed scoring system was fruitful. HBME-1 and galectin-3 can be used individually or in combination for the diagnosis of PTC.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Non-neoplastic, Keratin 19, Galectin-3 188 195 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7566-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abolfazl Asghari hamidmoqhtader@yahoo.com 200319475328460076545 200319475328460076545 No Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Zeinab Vosough sama_tanha0123@yahoo.com 200319475328460076546 200319475328460076546 No Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Soraya Khafri khafri@yahoo.com 200319475328460076547 200319475328460076547 No Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Sahar Sadr Moharrerpour drsaharsadr@gmail.com 200319475328460076548 200319475328460076548 No 3. Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hossein Ghorbani Hossein.ghorbani@mubabol.ac.ir 200319475328460076549 200319475328460076549 Yes Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, & Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran