en Pediatric Pediatric Original Research Original Research One-hundred and sixteen children with ESRD were registered in Shiraz Pediatric Hemodialysis Center in Nemazee Hospital, a referral center in the south of Iran, from 1990 to 1999. Very small children are not dialysed in this center due to technical problems. The age range of children in this center was 2-16 years, mean age was 10.4±3.6 years and male to female ratio was 1.4. Major causes of ESRD in order of frequency were glomerulopathies 23 (19.83%), reflux 15 (12.93%), chronic pyelonephritis without reflux 11 (9.5%), neurogenic bladder 10 (8.62%), cystic diseases 10 (8.62%), stone disease 9 (7.75%), posterior urethral valve 7 (6.03%), ureteropelvic junction obstruction 7 (6.03%), and unknown 12 (10.35%). Despite the low number for statistical analysis, reflux, neurogenic bladder, FSGS, nephronophthisis and stone disease were found to be more common here compared with other centers, which means more consideration is required. Thirtynine of these children (33.6%) have been transplanted, mostly from parents. End-stage renal failure, Pediatrics, Etiology, Epidemiology, Ira 23 26 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-298-275&slc_lang=en&sid=1 A A. DERAKHSHAN 20031947532846004230 20031947532846004230 Yes From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran