en Medical Ethics Systematic Review <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Providing unnecessary healthcare services is a major common problem in every health system. The scope and cause of healthcare services must be identified in order to be managed and controlled. Finding the most complete definition of the problem and its causes are the goals of this meta-synthesis. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search strategy was performed using a wide range of keywords and databases. Based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles were selected for content analysis and meta-synthesis. The Graneheim and Lundman method was used for content analysis. The MAXQDA software Version 18.2.0 was used for the first round of content analysis.&nbsp; Content analysis and meta-synthesis were used to comprehensively define the term &ldquo;unnecessary healthcare services&rdquo; and find the etiologic factors driving healthcare providers to unnecessary healthcare services. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> The term &ldquo;unnecessary healthcare services&rdquo; is defined as &ldquo;overproviding healthcare services that could be harmful, low-value, insufficient, and inappropriate.&rdquo; The etiologic pattern of unnecessary healthcare services shows intrinsic and extrinsic factors as a driving force for unnecessary healthcare services.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion:</b> A multilayer strategy for efficient management and prevention of unnecessary healthcare services is appropriate due to the multifaceted character of these services. This approach consists of the modification of the intrinsic factors and extrinsic drivers.&nbsp; </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Unnecessary Healthcare, Pharmaceuticalization, Ethics, Overdiagnosis, Overtreatment 834 844 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-7781-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zeinab Derakhshan derakhshanz@yahoo.com 200319475328460079830 200319475328460079830 No Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, and Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bagher Larijani larijanib1340@gmail.com 200319475328460079831 200319475328460079831 No Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki ehsanshamsi713@gmail.com 200319475328460079832 200319475328460079832 No 1. Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, and Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pooneh Salari salari@tums.ac.ir 200319475328460079833 200319475328460079833 Yes Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran