en Urology and Nephrology Urology and Nephrology Original Research Original Research The use of bovine amnion in the urinary tract for reconstructive purposes following ablative surgery in cases of trauma, cancer or infection is now a common practice in urological surgery. To evaluate urinary bladder reconstruction with bovine amniotic membrane (BAM), ten healthy mongrel dogs of either sex weighing 10-40 kg were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of five animals each. A piece of the cranial wall of the bladder 5 cm in diameter was resected and replaced with fresh and formalin-preserved BAM respectively. The graft compatibility was evaluated on the basis of clinical, biochemical ultrasonographical, radiological and histopathological changes. Clinically all of the dogs were dull and depressed with blood tinged urine for the first few post-operative days. The biochemical parameters didn't show any significant changes in BUN and creatinine. Ultrasonographic findings consisted of floating masses in the bladder lumen (40%), chronic cystitis (10%), bladder adhesion with adjacent tissues (90%) and radiological findings were lack of normal distension of the graft site (100%) and filling defect (30%). No inflammatory responses and leakage were observed. The regeneration of uroepithelium, and proliferation of granulation tissue, infiltration of lymphoid cells, degenerative changes at the junction of the bladder and graft and heterotopic bone formation were observed. Keeping in view the compatibility of the fresh and preserved BAM, this study showed that it can act as a scaffold for repairing urinary bladder defects in dogs. 277 281 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-298-318&slc_lang=en&sid=1 J BAKHTIARI 20031947532846004372 20031947532846004372 Yes From the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran F SABERI-AFSHAR 20031947532846004373 20031947532846004373 No Chamran Universities of Medical Sciences, Tehran H NOORBALA 20031947532846004374 20031947532846004374 No Dept. of Urology, Baghiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, l.R. Iran MJ GHARAGOZLO 20031947532846004375 20031947532846004375 No From the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran A VESHKINI 20031947532846004376 20031947532846004376 No From the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran