Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran

en Molecular Characterisation of Blood Microbiome in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Healthy Controls Immunology Immunology Original Research Original Research Background: In human and animal studies, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been increasingly linked to changes in the microbial inhabitants in the human body (microbiome). These studies have primarily now concentrated on the microbial communities that live in the gastrointestinal tract. However, evidence suggests that various molecular techniques can be used to detect microbial DNA in blood circulation. This DNA might be an unknown reservoir of biomarkers with the potential to track alterations in the microbiomes of remote locations, such as the gut. To this end, we compared the presence and identity of microbial DNA in blood samples taken from ankylosing spondylitis patients to healthy control subjects by amplifying and sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA variable region four.   Methods: The study's design is a case study based on the presence and identity of bacterial DNA in the blood of Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients (n = 10) and healthy control subjects (n = 10)  was investigated by amplifying and sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Blood concentrations of the cytokines TNF alpha, IL-17A, and IL-23 were determined by the Human Magnetic Luminex Screening, and data were analysed using an Unpaired T-test.    Results: Using PCR amplification, 8 of 10 AS patients (80%) and 8 of 10 healthy control samples (80%) had microbial 16S rRNA in their blood. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria (Control = 48.5%, AS = 52%), Firmicutes (Control = 27.8%, AS = 26.1%), Actinobacteria (Control = 15.4%, AS = 10.7%), and Bacteroidetes (Control = 6.5%, AS = 10%) dominated the blood microbiome. A two-tailed Mann-Whitney test found that Ankylosing Spondylitis was associated with significantly elevated Bacteroides (P < 0.05), Prevotella (P < 0.001), and Micrococcus (P < 0.01), and significantly reduced levels of Corynebacterium 1 (P < 0.001), Gemella (P < 0.01), and Alloprevotella (P < 0.05), compared to healthy controls. Additionally, it was shown that the presence of the Prevotella genus was highly positively correlated with higher levels of TNF-alpha (P < 0.05; r = 0.8) in AS patients' blood.    Conclusion: This article reveals that a blood microbiome exists in healthy individuals and identifies particular taxa modulated in disease. These blood-derived signatures indicate that this field needs more research and may be helpful as disease biomarkers.   Blood Microbiome, Ankylosing Spondylitis, 16S Rrna Gene, Dysbiosis, Biomarker 669 676 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8199-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Dargham Bayan Mohsen Hammad dhigham.mohsin@uokufa.edu.iq 200319475328460078909 0009-0004-6945-5959 Yes Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq Omar Abdulazeez Alhamad O.alzuhairi3@uomosul.edu.iq 200319475328460078910 0009-0001-2872-0742 No Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Alaa Mahdy obiad Khzal aalaam.jasim@uokufa.edu.iq 200319475328460078911 200319475328460078911 No Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq Fadyia Mahdi Muslim Alameedy fadyiam.alameedy@uokufa.edu.iq 200319475328460078912 200319475328460078912 No Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq